英語的句子形式詳解什么是:陳述句,特殊疑問句,一般疑問句,選
一、陳述句 用來陳述事實或觀點的句子叫陳述句.朗讀時用降調,句末用句號.陳述句分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句兩種形式.例如: 1. 肯定陳述句 (1) This is a desk. (2) They look very young. (3) You must look after your clothes. (4) There is some money in the purse. 2. 否定陳述句 (1) They aren't my books. (2) I don't know. (3) Kate can't find her pen. (4) There isn't a cat here. (= There's no cat here. ) 二、祈使句 用來表示請求、命令、建議等的句子叫祈使句.祈使句的主語是you,常省略,謂語動詞用原形.朗讀時用降調,句末用句號.祈使句分為肯定祈使句和否定祈使句兩種形式.例如: 1. 肯定祈使句 (1) Please go and ask the policeman. (2) Come in, please. 2. 否定祈使句 (1) Don't worry. (2) Don't be late for school. 三、疑問句 用來提問的句子叫疑問句.句末用問號,疑問句分為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句和特殊疑問句等. 1. 一般疑問句 一般疑問句用來詢問某事物和某情況是否屬實,需要對方給予肯定 (yes) 或否定(no) 回答.朗讀一般疑問句時用升調,句末用問號.例如: (1) Is he a student? (2) Can you spell it? (3) Do you know? (4) Are there any students in the classroom? 肯定回答 / 否定回答 (1) Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. (2) Yes, I can. / No, I can't. (3) Yes, we do. / No, we don't. (4) Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 2. 選擇疑問句 從所提供的兩個或兩個以上選項中選擇一個做出回答的疑問句叫選擇疑問句.朗讀時or前面的部分用升調,or后面的部分用降調,句末用問號.回答時要根據選項做出選擇,不用yes或no來回答.例如: —Is your friend a boy or a girl? —He is a boy. / She is a girl. 3. 特殊疑問句 由what, who, whose, which, where, how等疑問詞開頭的疑問句叫特殊疑問句.朗讀時用降調,句末用問號.回答時要做出具體回答,不用yes或no來回答. 特殊疑問句的語序分為兩種:(1)陳述句語序.此時,疑問詞作句子的主語或主語的修飾語.(2)疑問句語序.即:“疑問詞 + 一般疑問句?”例如: (1) —Who is on duty today? —Li Lei is. (疑問詞who作主語) —Which bike is yours? —The one under the tree. (疑問詞which作bike的定語) (2) —What else can you see in the picture? —I can see some kites and a ball in it. —How many books are there on the desk? —Only one. (一) 知識概要初中所學的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句. 陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分.其中可以分為以下五種: ① 主語+不及物動詞.如:I arrived at six last night.② 主語+及物動詞+賓語,如:I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.③ 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.④ 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語,如:I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.⑤ 主語+系動詞+表語,如:Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常見的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某種事物,如:There is a map on the wall 其be動詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個名詞相一致.要注意的是這種句型加入助動詞后,也要保持be動詞,不要換用have,如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 在句子結構中要注意主謂一致的問題,即句子的主語與謂語動詞要相呼應.要注意的有如下幾點:① 用and連接兩個主語時一般應視為復數,但如一人身兼兩職時則要用單數謂語動詞形式,如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員.而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家.②有些以 s 結尾的名詞謂語動詞要用單數,如: The news is good (news 為不可數名詞).③ 有量詞時應按量詞的數量計算;如: This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. ④有些形單卻意為復數的名詞,如: People are coming here 這樣的詞還有 Police, 如果要講一個警察時,應講 a policeman. 兩個警察為 two policemen. 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen ⑤ 所有不定代詞 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something … 要作為單數如: Someone is waiting for you 在并列句中表示聯合關系的連詞有: and not only … but also, neither … nor, either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema. 表示轉折關系的并列連詞有: but 和 yet, 如: She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示選擇關系的連詞有:or, either … or,如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果關系的并列連詞有: for, so 如: They studied very hard, so they all passed the exam 賓語從句① 在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當賓語,如: I knew the man, 而這時也可以用一個句子來充當賓語,如: I knew that he was a good man 這時賓語從句的連接詞有 that, (that 只在從句中起聯接作用,不在句中充當語法成分,既不是。
英語句子類型
現在進行時:陳述:主+be+現在分詞否定:主+be+not+現在分詞疑問:be+主+現在分詞過去進行時:陳述:主+be的過去時(was/were)+現在分詞否定:主+be的過去時(was/were)+not+現在分詞疑問:be的過去時(was/were)+主+現在分詞現在完成時:陳述:主+has/have+過去分詞(-ed)否定:主+has/have+not+過去分詞(-ed)疑問:has/have+主+過去分詞(-ed)過去完成時:陳述:主+had+過去分詞(-ed)否定:主+had+not+過去分詞(-ed)疑問:had+主+過去分詞(-ed)現在完成進行時:陳述:主+has/have+been+現在分詞(-ing)否定:主+has/have+not+been+現在分詞(-ing)疑問:has/have+主+been+現在分詞(-ing)一般將來時:陳述:主+will/be going to+動詞原形否定:主+will not/be not going to+動詞原形疑問:will+主+動詞原形/be+主+ going to+動詞原形過去將來時:陳述:主+would/was或were going to+動詞原形否定:主+would not/was not或were not going to+動詞原形疑問:would+主+動詞原形/was/were+主+ going to+動詞原形一般過去時:陳述:主+動詞的過去時否定:主+did't+do疑問:Did+主+do一般現在時:陳述:主+動詞(第三人稱單數+s) 否定:主+don't/doesn't+do疑問:Do/does+主+do將來完成時:陳述:主+will/be going to+have done否定:主+will not/be not going to+have done疑問:Will+主+have doneBe+主+going to have done。
英語句子類型
現在進行時:
陳述:主+be+現在分詞
否定:主+be+not+現在分詞
疑問:be+主+現在分詞
過去進行時:
陳述:主+be的過去時(was/were)+現在分詞
否定:主+be的過去時(was/were)+not+現在分詞
疑問:be的過去時(was/were)+主+現在分詞
現在完成時:
陳述:主+has/have+過去分詞(-ed)
否定:主+has/have+not+過去分詞(-ed)
疑問:has/have+主+過去分詞(-ed)
過去完成時:
陳述:主+had+過去分詞(-ed)
否定:主+had+not+過去分詞(-ed)
疑問:had+主+過去分詞(-ed)
現在完成進行時:
陳述:主+has/have+been+現在分詞(-ing)
否定:主+has/have+not+been+現在分詞(-ing)
疑問:has/have+主+been+現在分詞(-ing)
一般將來時:
陳述:主+will/be going to+動詞原形
否定:主+will not/be not going to+動詞原形
疑問:will+主+動詞原形/be+主+ going to+動詞原形
過去將來時:
陳述:主+would/was或were going to+動詞原形
否定:主+would not/was not或were not going to+動詞原形
疑問:would+主+動詞原形/was/were+主+ going to+動詞原形
一般過去時:
陳述:主+動詞的過去時
否定:主+did't+do
疑問:Did+主+do
一般現在時:
陳述:主+動詞(第三人稱單數+s)
否定:主+don't/doesn't+do
疑問:Do/does+主+do
將來完成時:
陳述:主+will/be going to+have done
否定:主+will not/be not going to+have done
疑問:Will+主+have done
Be+主+going to have done