一、英語語法 什么是“施為動詞”
施為動詞是在顯性施為話語中使用的動詞, 如promise, advise, apologize.
這些動詞說明句子的言語行為。意思是promise 在說出這個詞的時候已經達到了保證的效果;不需要再做其他的動作來達到promise ;換句話說就是這個詞已經達到了動作效果;相反的就一般的語言行為動詞, write /go/ 在說出之后 需要再去做出寫,走這些動作來完成 這個詞。
examples:
1. I promise that I will join the party.
2. I announce that the party begins.
二、什么是延續性動詞,什么是非延續性動詞
非延續性動詞也叫瞬間動詞,是指這個動作在很短的時間就完成了,不會延續很長時間。
如:buy,sell,一手交錢一手交貨,動作很快完成。再比如:die,有口氣是活,沒有氣了就是死,動作不會延續。
常見的此類動詞有:borrow/lent/buy/sell/die/come/go/leave/join。.. 相對來講,延續動詞就是指動詞可以延續很長時間的動詞。
如:live, keep 等等。 一、延續性動詞和終止性動詞的概念 英語中,動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短,可分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作,這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續的動作,這種動作發生后立即結束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續性動詞的用法特征 1.延續性動詞可以用于現在完成時,其完成時態可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。 2.延續性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。
如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續性動詞,而at eight表示"點時間",前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。
上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如: -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 三、終止性動詞的用法特征 1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現在完成時。如: The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎? 2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。
如: (1)他死了三年了。 誤:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago. 正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died. (2)他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days. 正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago. 正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那么,應如何正確表達呢?可以采用下面的四種方法: (1)將句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。
下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。 (2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since。"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since。"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。
3.終止性動詞可用于現在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續的狀態,因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如: He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till 。
"的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如: You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。 5.終止性動詞可以用于when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導的時間狀語從句中。
when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。
如: When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語) 6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如: 誤:How long have you come here? 正:How long have you been here? 正:When did you come here? 簡單地說就是,延續性動詞就是可以持續的,非延續動詞就是發生后馬上結束該狀態的。
三、英語語法 什么是“施為動詞”
施為動詞是在顯性施為話語中使用的動詞, 如promise, advise, apologize. 這些動詞說明句子的言語行為。
意思是promise 在說出這個詞的時候已經達到了保證的效果;不需要再做其他的動作來達到promise ;換句話說就是這個詞已經達到了動作效果;相反的就一般的語言行為動詞, write /go/ 在說出之后 需要再去做出寫,走這些動作來完成 這個詞。 examples: I promise that I will join the party.I announce that the party begins。
.。
四、非謂語動詞是什么
是英語和漢語和英語的重要區別之一:英語中(如果不是并列句或含有從句),一個句子只能有一個核心動詞。
可漢語就不同了:如‘我出去打球了’這句子有兩個動詞,在漢語里沒什么大差別。I will go to play football. 這里go就是謂語動詞to play 是不定式,是非謂的一種。
這樣它們就不具有謂語動詞的那么特征:1給它加了限定詞to。2加ed:如有時態,人稱的變化。
總結成一句話。我給非謂的一個定義是:除謂語動詞外表達動作方面的一種詞,但在英語里就容不下這種‘共存’(除非是并列句或有從句)。
3加ing。為了區別謂語動詞和非謂語動詞,人們對動詞的外貌進行修飾。
五、請問什么是非延續性動詞
.非延續性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現在完成時。
如:The train has arrived.火車到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎?2.非延續性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。
因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如:(1)他已經死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.正:He has been dead for three years.正:He died three years ago.正:It is three years since he died.正:Three years has passed since he died.(2)他來這兒五天了。誤:He has come here for five days.正:He has been here for five days.正:He came here five days ago.正:It is five days since he came here.正:Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come為非延續性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。
那么,應如何正確表達呢?可以采用下面的四種方法:(1)將句中非延續性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→been away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since。
"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since。
"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。3.非延續性動詞可用于現在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續的狀態,因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
如:He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.非延續性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till 。"的句型,意為"直到……才……"。
如:You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。
5.非延續性動詞可以用于when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。
而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。如:When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為非延續性動詞)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語)6.非延續性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。
如:誤:How long have you come here?正:How long have you been here?正:When did you come here?。
六、非限制渭語動詞是什么
在句子中可以施展其他功能的動詞是非限定動詞;這些動詞具有一般動詞的許多特性,但沒有“人稱”和“數目”的限制。
非限定動詞分三種: 不定式,分詞( the participle); 動名詞(the gerund); 分詞又分現在分詞( the present participle)和過去分詞(the past participle)。 英語動詞有限定(finite)和非限定(non-finite)兩類。
句子中的謂語動詞(predicative verb)是限定的;限定動詞受人稱(person)和數目(number)的限制。此外,還有時態(tense )、語態(voice)和情態(mood)等。
例如: ① Good leaders serve the people whole-heartedly。 ② Jason is giving a public lecture。
③ Who did it? ④ I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour。
七、延續性動詞和非延續性動詞有哪些
1、延續性動詞:work, stand, lie, know等。
例句:
(1)He worked all day in the laboratory. 他在實驗室干了一天。
(2) I waited for you for more than half an hour. 我等你等了半個多小時了。
2、非延續性動詞:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrive等。
非延續性動詞在肯定句中與表示時間點的狀語連用,如:
two years ago; 兩年以前;
at 5 o'clock;在5點整。
擴展資料:
1、非延續性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現在完成時。如:
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2、非延續性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他已經死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
參考資料來源:搜狗百科-非延續性動詞
參考資料來源:搜狗百科-延續性動詞
八、非真實條件句是什么啊
非真實條件句
1)時態:可以表示過去,現在和將來的情況。它的基本特點是時態退后。
a. 同現在事實相反的假設。
句型 : 條件從句 主句
一般過去時 should( would) +動詞原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b. 表示于過去事實相反的假設。
句型: 條件從句 主句
過去完成時 should(would) have+ 過去分詞
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含義:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含義: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c. 表示對將來的假想
句型: 條件從句 主句
一般過去時 should+ 動詞原形
were+ 不定式 would + 動詞原形
should+ 動詞原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.