1.現在分詞,過去分詞,舉例說明
一.分詞總介: 分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語動詞形式 現在分詞和過去分詞主要差別在于:現在分詞表示"主動和進行",過去分詞表示"被動和完成"(不及物動詞的過去分詞不表示被動,只表示完成)。
分詞可以有自己的狀語、賓語或邏輯主語等。 1、分詞作狀語分詞在句子中作狀語,可以表示時間、條件、原因、結果、讓步、伴隨等。
分詞(短語)作狀語時,其邏輯主語應與句中主語相一致。.當現在分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前時, 則用現在分詞的完成式,且所表示動作與謂語動作同時發生, 則用現在分詞的一般式。
完成或被動關系用過去分詞。 (1)現在分詞The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. (2)過去分詞Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. 2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)+分詞"結構現在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時,有時可以在分詞前加while,when, once, although, until, if等連詞。
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work…… Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. 3、分詞作定語分詞作定語時,單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面。現在分詞修飾的是發出該動作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關系),過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(即與名詞是動賓關系)。
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries 4、分詞作賓語補足語現在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動詞和look at, listen to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動詞后面與名詞或代詞構成復合賓語,作賓語補語的成分。 5、分詞作表語分詞作表語通常看作形容詞來用。
現在分詞表示主語的性質,而且主語多為物;過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態,主語多為人。一.現在分詞的用法: 1) 做表語: He was very amused. That book was rather boring. 很多動詞的現在分詞都可以作表語: exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2) 作定語: 上面所出現的現在分詞都可以用作定語, 修飾一個名詞: That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 現在分詞短語還可以放在名詞的后面修飾名詞, 相當于一個定語從句: There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3) 作狀語: 現在分詞短語可以表示一個同時發生的次要的或伴隨的動作: Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he took out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 現在分詞短語還可以表示原因, 相當于一個原因狀語從句: Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money. 現在分詞短語還可以表示時間, 相當于一個時間狀語從句: Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework. Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be careful when crossing the road. Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. Having finished her work, she went home. 4)作賓補: 現在分詞在一些動詞之后可以做賓語的補語: 例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop. I smelt something burning. She kept him working all day.二.過去分詞的用法: 1) 作表語: We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning. She felt confused, and even frightened. They were very pleased with the girl. I'm satisfied with your answer. He is not interested in research. 2) 作定語: She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water frozen food armed forces required courses fallen leaves finished products a forced smile the risen sun new arrived visitors What's the language spoken in that country? They're problem left over by history. The play put on by the teachers was a big success. Is there anybody injured? Do you know the number of books ordered? 3)作狀語: Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some 。
2.什么是過去分詞
過去分詞(Past Participle)是分詞的一種。
規則動詞的過去分詞一般是由動詞加ed構成(規則見后),不規則動詞的過去分詞見不規則動詞表。過去分詞屬于類動詞:1.及物動詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子的主語是被動關系,表示主語的狀態,不但表示被動,還表示已完成了。
The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。2.不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子的主語是主動關系,表示主語的狀態,只表示動作的完成。
He is retired. 他已退休。3. 有些過去分詞作表語時,構成的謂語很接近被動結構。
3.英語中過去分詞在句子中可以做什么成分,又是什么詞性
非謂語動詞中的過去分詞的詞性相當于形容詞和副詞,所以其用法(即主要指在句子中可以充當的成分)就相當于形容詞和副詞在句中充當的成分。常見的成分一般有:定語、表語、補語、狀語
例如:
定語
(fallen) leaves
a present (given by my parents)英語中短語作定語要后置,叫后置定語
表語
I'm (interested) in this book.
補語
I have never heard the song (sung) in English.
I had my hair (cut) last week.
狀語(過去分詞短語作狀語)
(Seen from the top of the hill), the city looks more beautiful to us.
(Caught in a heavy rain), he was all wet.
4.1,過去式,過去分詞同行的舉例,2,現在式與過去分詞同行的舉例,
1,過去式是指過去某個時間所發生的動作。
而過去分詞則是指一種狀態或性質。如: The glass was broken yesterday.“這杯子是昨天打破的”。
動作發生在昨天。 The glass is broken now.“這杯子破了/這杯子是破的”。
指的是現在的狀態。 2,同樣的道理,看這個結構是表明一個動作,還是一種狀態或性質。
例如: My watch is being repared.“我的表正在修理(中)”。說明的是動作。
My watch is repared.“我的表修過了/我的表修了”。說明的是一種性質狀態。
總之,在實際的使用中多體會一下,就會掌握好的。 祝你學習進步。
5.過去分詞和過去式的區別舉例說明
簡單的說:過去式是用在一般過去時的,過去分詞用在完成時態的.
具體點列 就是分為規則動詞和不規則動詞兩種情況來講:
形式變化:
一.規則,過去式和過去分詞都是在詞末加 -ed
二.不規則,要背不規則動詞表.
用法:
過去式用于“一般過去時”
過去分詞要和其它成分連用.
* has +過去分詞 (現在完成時)
*+過去分詞(過去完成時)
*+過去分詞(被動語態)
找了個實際運用的解說 你看看 明了了沒有
以前我只知道如何用現在分詞,避免使用過去分詞,不為別的,就是分不清楚誰是過去式,誰是過去分詞.昨天又查看下語法書,發現兩者之間的區別不是很難,還是有跡可尋.我怕我說不清楚,還是盡量引用書上的說法.(詳情見新東方月刊07年4~5月)
根據動詞的賓語特點 可分為 單賓語動詞的過去分詞 雙賓語動詞的過去分詞 賓補動詞的過去分詞
一 單賓語動詞的過去分詞
所謂單賓語動詞就是說該類動詞后只接一個賓語.對于這類詞,首先是看是否有帶賓語,如果沒有則是過去分詞,有則是動詞過去式.
如: during the 1980s,revoluntionry changes in the work lives of Americans,caused by technological advance which will permit greater productivity by fewer workers,will likely result in shortened work weeks,increased released time for workers,and increased pressure for early retirements.
revoluntionry changes 是主語中心詞,caused by.是過去分詞修飾主語.(其前沒有助動詞,這是判斷是否是過去分詞或過去式的一個重要的標志.所以很容易看出它不作謂語.)
will likely result in 是謂語
shortened work weeks 是賓語1 increased released time 是賓語2 increased pressure 是賓語3 這些~ed分詞都是作形容詞用.很容易理解.
二 雙賓語動詞的過去分詞
雙賓語動詞就是后接兩個賓語動詞.對于這類動詞如果后邊只有一個賓語,該動詞是過去分詞無疑.
如 award sb sth 變成 sb awarded sth 即”一個人被授予什么東西” award 后面只有一個賓語,那么就可以斷定這個動詞就是過去分詞.
就我本人個人經驗來說,過去分詞修飾名詞,有置前和置后兩種說法.前者表示”動作已經發生的”有強烈過去的時間意味 其次含有被動意思.而后者(以過去分詞短語居多)則都是表被動意思.
三 賓補動詞的過去分詞
所謂賓補動詞,即指這類動詞后邊要接一個賓語,然后賓語后邊還要接個補足語.因此這種動詞,如果后邊沒有賓語只有補語的話,其動詞必為分詞.
如 make some country beautiful 變成 country made beatiful 這里的made的后邊沒有賓語,只有一個賓語beautiful作為補足語
總結一下,1 該有一個賓語的單賓語動詞,若后邊沒有賓語,則是過去分詞.
2 該有兩個賓語的雙賓語動詞,若后邊只有一個賓語,則是過去分詞
3 該有復合賓語的賓補分詞,若其后邊只有補足語而沒有賓語,則是過去分詞
之所以會這樣說,我想可能是將賓語的動詞”提前”,構成一個不帶"that"的被動式樣的定語從句.
6.誰給我說下過去分詞 從最簡單開始 舉例
為了幫助你理解,我不粘貼什么內容了,直接給你講講。
過去分詞一般在現在完成時和過去完成時中使用,其基本形式是在動詞的后面加d或ed(當然一定要注意那些例外的單詞:像think--thought see--seen等等。)先把過去分詞表上那些例外的單詞變形牢牢記住。因為考試的時候往往都是考特殊的情況。
首先你得明白完成時的構成:現在完成時:have/has+過去分詞
過去完成時:had+過去分詞
此處的過去分詞正是上面講的加d或ed的那些詞。我舉幾個簡單的例子幫助你理解:
1.I have not seen you for a long time 我很久沒有見過你了。
此處的seen即see過去分詞,用在現在完成時中。
2.I had bought this book before I went home。 在我回家之前我已經買了這本書。
此處的bought即buy過去分詞,用在過去完成時中。
不知你是否有所理解?歡迎采納!