1.表原因的短語有哪些
“由于……”的英語表達法 英語中,用于表示“由于……”意義的方法比較多,除原因狀語從句外,還有介詞短語、成語介詞、不定式短語、分詞短語、形容詞短語,獨立主格結構等。
現分述如下,供大家參考。 I.介詞短語--介詞十名詞或代詞 1. with:表原因時,多指心理、生理或順乎自然規律的原因。
(1) He jumped with joy. 他高興得跳起來。(2) shiver with cold 冷得發抖(3) be down with fever 發熱病倒 *h:表原因時,常指消極原因,或抱怨的口氣,有時也可指正面原因。
(4) mistakes made through carelessness由于粗心大意而造成的錯誤(5) That was all done through friendship.那樣做完全是出于友愛。 *:表示原因、動機。
(6) lots of people suffered from hunger in thosedays.在那些日子里,許多人都挨過餓。(7) He felt very weak from lack of sleep.由于缺少睡眠,他感覺很虛弱。
* of (接近from):出于,由于(8) They have done that out of concern for thechildren. 他們這樣做是出于對孩子們的關懷。 *:由于,因為(9) If it weren't for the leadership of the Communist Party,our happy life today would be simplyimpossible. 沒有**的領導,就不可能有我們今天的幸福生活。
(10) The West Lake is noted for its scenery. 西湖以風景優美而著名。 *:可以跟在動詞、形容詞或過去分詞之后表原因 。
(11) We rejoiced at every victory you won.我們為你取得的每一個成就感到歡欣鼓舞。(12) She felt glad at what he had said.她為他所說的話而感到高興。
(13) He was delighted at the idea of going toEngland.他一想到要去英國就感到高興。 II. 成語介詞 *e of:因為、由于,常用作狀語。
(14) The football match was cancelled because of rain.由于下雨,足球賽取消了。 * account of 比because of更正式,多用于書面語中。
(15) We have to give up our plan on account of your objection.由于你的反對,我們不得不放棄計劃。(16) That was on account of the lack of exercises. 那是由于缺乏鍛煉所致。
3. by(或in)virtue of,由于,因為(多用于書面語)。(17)He passed the examination by virtue of hard work. 由于努力工作,他通過了考試。
* to:在標準英語中,due to構成的介詞短語常用來作表語,而現在,due to短語也可以用作狀語。(18) His failure was due to carelessness. 他的失敗是由于粗心大意。
(19) The flight was cancelled due to the fog.班機因霧停航。 * to:構成的短語作狀語,既能指積極的原因,也可指消極的原因。
(20) Owing to our joint efforts,the task was ful-filled ahead of schedule. 由于我們的共同努力,任務提前完成了。(狀語,表積極原因) * to:由于,多虧,常用于書面語,多表示正面情況,間或也表示反面情況。
(21) thanks to your hlep,we finished the task intime. 由于你的幫助,我們及時完成了任務。(22) Thanks to the bad weather,our journey wasvery uncomfortable. 由于天氣不好,我們的旅行很不舒服。
* a result of:由于……結果(23) As a result of this interview,the number wasreduced to two. 這次面試的結果,人數減至兩名。 *(或as) consequence of:由于--的緣故,用于書面語。
(24) In consequence of his ill health,he lost the opportunity. 由于身體欠佳,他失去了這次機會。 * view of:書面語,由于,鑒于(25) in view of these facts,it seemed useless to continue. 由這些事實看來,繼續下去似乎是無效的。
* with。and(what with)。
半因。,半因。
;一方面由于..,一方面由于。,表示兩方面原因。
(26) What with over work and what with hunger, John fell ill.一半由于工作過度,一半由于饑餓,約翰病倒了。 III. 不定式短語 不定式短語可以用在作表語的形容詞或過去分詞后面作狀語,說明產生這種情緒的原因。
(27)We are proud to be youg people of New China. 作為新中國的肯年:我們感到自豪。(28) We were surprised to find him there. 看到他在那里, 我們感到很驚奇。
IV 分詞短語 分詞短語可作狀語表示原因,分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語。1. 現在分詞短語(29) Not knowing her address, we could not gettouch with her. 由于不知道她的地址,我們無法和她聯系。
(30) Many of us, being so excited, could not goto sleep that night. 我們很多人是那樣激動,那天晚上都沒有睡著。 2. 過去分詞短語也可以用作狀語表原因(31) He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. 由于旅途勞累,他很快就睡著了(32) Moved by their speech,we were momentarilyat a loss what to say. 他們的活使我們很感動。
一時不知道說什么好… V. 形容詞短語表原因 (33) Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road. 由于害怕困難,他們就揀容易的路走。(34) Unable to find words to express themselves,they silently grasped our hands.因一時找不出表達的言辭,他們默默地緊握著我們的手。
VI. 復合結構 1. 獨立主格結構:由名詞(或代同)+分同(或形容詞、個定式、介同短語、副詞等)構成。可以用來作原因狀語。
(35) John being away,Henry had to do thework. 由于約翰不在.只好由。