1.高中英語語法非謂語動詞和時態語態的要點
不定式的時態和語態 主動語態 一般式 to write 進行式 to be writing 完成式 to have written 被動語態一般式 to be written進行式 -完成式 to have been written不定式被動態的句法功能 做主語To be obeyed is natural to her.她生性要別人聽命于她。
做外置主語外置主語又稱真實主語It's great honor to be invited to the banquet.承蒙受邀赴宴,倍感榮幸。做賓語This room needs to be cleaned at once.這房間需要立刻打掃。
做表語A lot of work remains to be done in the office.許多工作留到辦公室去做。做定語The large building to be built here is a library.將在這兒建一座圖書館。
做狀語She felt angry to be left alone.(原因狀語)被單獨留下,她感到氣憤。做主補The book intended to be read and not to be torn.書是供人閱讀而不是讓人撕毀的。
做賓補The commander ordered the bridge to be burnt.指揮員命令把橋燒掉。不定式的句法功能 一、不定式作主語To learn a foreign language is not easy.學外語不容易。
Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?有必要在國慶節之前完成這個設計嗎?二、不定式作賓語I forgot to turn the oven on.我忘記打開爐子。三、不定式作賓補Will you help me plant this tree, please?請您幫我種這棵樹好嗎?四、不定式作定語He has a lot of questions to ask.他有許多問題要問。
五、不定式作表語Disney's greatest wish was to be a famous artist.迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成為一個著名的藝術家。六、不定式作狀語She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.她搜查了山頂上,然后在路邊的一塊大石頭上停下來休息。
不定式作主語(1) 不定式作主語有以下三種句型:句型(1) 不定式短語 + 謂語動詞句型(2) It's + 形容詞 + for/of 邏輯主語 + 不定式短語句型(3) It's + 名詞 + for 邏輯主語 + 不定式短語在這一條目中,只講述句型(1),例外兩個結構在以下條目中講述。To know oneself is difficult.了解自己很困難。
在英語句子的表述中傾向主語短小一些,謂語部分長一些,以保持句子的結構平衡。故上句可以改寫如下:It's difficult to know * go to school on foot every day takes me half an * takes me half an hour to go to school on foot every day.我每天步行上學花費半個小時。
To read this book through will require time and * will require time and patience to read this book through.讀完這本書需要時間與耐心。不定式作定語(1) 不定式短語作定語時,必須放在名詞中心詞的后面,作后置定語Do you have anything more to say?你還有什么話要說嗎?It's time to start spring sewing.春播的時間到了。
That's the best way to solve the problem.這是解決這個問題的最好辦法。You have no right to talk like that.你沒有權利那樣說話。
Perhaps in years to come we shall meet again.或許在未來的歲月中我們還會見面。如果不定式短語作前置定語,則要采用“帶連字符的復合詞”定式作表語 作表語的不定式短語通常是說明主語的內容,這時主語通常是如下名詞:hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, businessThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技術的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁瑣。
Her wish is to become a singer.她的愿望是當一名歌手。Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我們的計劃就是在兩星期內完成這項工作。
2.英語語法中非謂語動詞的過去分詞、現在分詞、不定式動詞的區別以及
非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現在分詞。
為了區分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義,我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結構句型等角度來區分其用法和細微含義。 1.不定式和動名詞作主語的區別 (1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作;而不定式作主語表示具體動作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.這里禁止抽煙。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。
(具體) (2)動名詞作主語時,通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。 不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(經驗) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。
(經驗) (3)不定式做主語,一般用it當形式主語,把作主語的不定式短語后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2.不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區別 (1)不定式作表語 1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作,特別是表示將來的動作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做兩件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。
2)如果主語是不定式(表示條件),表語也是不定式(表示結果)。 To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是為了生活。 3)如果主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞,或以what引導的名詞性從句,不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明 作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。 The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. (2)動名詞作表語:動名詞作表語,表示抽象的一般性的行為。
Our work is serving the people.我們的工作是為人民服務。 His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是集郵。
(注)動名詞作表語時與進行時態中的現在分詞形式相同,但其所屬結構迥異,進行時態說明動作是由主語完成的。動名詞做表語,說明主語的性質或情況。
People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected. (3)分詞作表語 分詞做表語有兩種情況,一種是現在分詞做表語,一種是過去分詞做表語,這兩者區別是考試中經常考到的地方。一般來說,表示心理狀態的動詞如excite, interest等都是及物動詞,漢語意思不是“激動”,“高興”,而是“使激動”、“使高興”,因而現在分詞應該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”,過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。
所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。換句話說,若人對……感興趣,就是somebody is interested in。
若人/物本身有興趣時,就是說sb./sth. is interesting.這類詞常見的有: interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的 exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的 delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費解的--puzzled感到費解的 satisfying令人滿意的---satisfied感到滿意的 surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔心的--worried感到擔心的 Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲勞。 The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要學生學得太多,他們會感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的論點很令人信服。 They were very excited at the news.聽到這個消息,他們非常激動。
3.不定式和動名詞作賓語的區別 英語中大多數動詞既可跟不定式,也可跟動名詞作直接賓語,但有些動詞要求: (1)不定式做賓語和賓語補足語 1)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語 attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視 afford負擔得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算 begin開始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏 appear似乎,顯得 determine決定 manage設法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厭惡 pretend假裝 ask問 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love愛 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg請求 fail不能 plan計劃 bother擾亂;煩惱 forget忘記 prefer喜歡,寧愿 care關心,喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準備 decide決定 learn學習 regret抱歉,遺憾 choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾,允許 start開始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意,贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕 decide決定 learn學習 vow起 contrive設法,圖謀 incline有…傾向 propose提議 seek找,尋覓 try試圖 2)下面的動。
3.英語語法 非謂語動詞中的問題1.不定式的完成式和動詞
回答: 1.不定式的完成式和動詞-ing都表示發生在謂語之前的動作,請問它們有什么區別? 不定式的完成式,是對將來某時段應該已經發生的事件的預言,事情此時還沒有發生;動詞-ing,是指正在發生的事情或者存在的狀態。
2.可是一個動作同時表示主動和過去,并沒有矛盾哪! 主動和完成也沒有矛盾哪!主動和將來也沒有矛盾哪!,被動和現在也沒有矛盾哪!,被動和將來 也沒有矛盾哪! 3. 動詞的派生詞才有這種趨向。 4.不定式`動詞-ing表示主動狀態; -ed表示被動狀態。
請注意,我們盡量不要推測一門外國語。
4.非謂語動詞都有哪些句型
動詞不定式 to + V 一般用來表示目的或結果,或者某個具體的動作。
動名詞 V-ing 一般用來表示動作的主動概念和進行意義。 過去分詞 V-ed 一般用來表示動作的被動概念和完成意義。
(一)關于動詞不定式的考點考點一:直接接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞這一類動詞往往表示請求、要求、選擇、決定、打算、企圖等afford, agree, aak, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, hate, help, hesitate, hinder, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, refuse, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, want He pledged never to come back until he had made great success. I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我對花那么多錢買衣服猶豫不決。考點二:在下列情況下常用不帶(或省略)to的動詞不定式:1. 感官動詞后面:feel, listen, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe, perceiveI saw a man enter the shop.2. 表示使役意義的動詞,如:have, let, make The teacher has us write a composition every week.3. 一些情態動詞后面:had better, would rather…than…,would sooner…than…,rather than, may well do,may as well do (還是…好了),can not but…,can not help but… Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi. We might as well put up here for tonight.4. 在do (did, does, done) nothing (anything, everything )but (except) do 句型中 I can do nothing but follow your advice.如果but或except之前沒有do,其后的to 不能省略。
There is no choice but to wait and see.5. 由 all, what 引導的主語從句或者主語被only, first, one, least 或形容詞最高級修飾時,而且從句中含有do時,其表語如果是動詞不定式,則往往省去to。What I have to do is take a * only thing I could do was do it myself. 6. 由并列連詞and,except, but, than, or 連接兩個以上的具有相同意義或功能的不定式時,第二個動詞不定式不帶to。
I'd like to stay with you, help you and learn from you. She told us to stay at home and wait till she came * try and fail is better than not to try at all. 嘗試而失敗也比不嘗試好。注意:如果兩個不定式表示對照或對比,則不能省略to。
He hasn't decided weather to quit or to stay. 他還沒有決定是去還是留。To be or not to be, that is a question. 是生存還是死亡,這是一個問題。
考點三:有些動詞后一般跟帶“疑問詞 + 動詞不定式”作賓語,如:consider, discover, discuss, explain, guess, know, inquire, observe, show, teach, understand, wonder等。 I wonder who to invite. 我不知請誰。
Ask my brother where to put the car. 問一下我哥車停在哪兒。(二)關于動名詞的考點考點一:直接接動名詞做賓語的動詞和詞組 admit, avoid, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, feel like, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, involve, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practise, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, stop, give up, can't help, can't stand, suggest Forbid smoking on trains. 火車上禁止吸煙。
We have to postpone sending our answer to the request. 我們不得不暫緩寄出對申請書的答復。注意:上述動詞中 allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend 在有人作賓語時,則后接不定式作賓語補足語。
如:allow somebody to do something I recommended going by subway. 我建議坐地鐵去。 The doctor recommended me to take a few days' rest. 醫生勸我休息幾天。
考點二:下列短語中to 為介詞,后面只能接動名詞或名詞。 keep to apply to indifference to look forward to with an eye to amount to commit…to be familiar to stand up to with regard to take to owe…to be faithful to put one's mind to with a view to turn to resign… to be superior to get down to be opposed tosucceed to attribute …to be sensitive to live up to in relation toadmit to dedicate …to be devoted to owing to aid topoint to limit to be committed to thanks to object toNo woman could succeed to the throne. 婦女不能繼承王位。
I am looking forward to seeing you again. 我盼著再見到你。考點三:在demand, deserve, need, require, want, worth 等詞后面接動名詞表示被動的意思,即用主動形式表示被動意義。
如果接不定式,必須用不定式的被動形式。My socks want mending / to be * grammatical rule deserves * novel is well worth reading.考點四:在下列it 作形式主語或形式賓語的句型中,用動名詞作邏輯主語或邏輯賓語。
It is no use(no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time等名詞)+ doing sth. It is good (nice, interesting, useless等形容詞) + doing sth.;There is no point (use, sense, good等名詞) + doing *'s no use crying over spilt milk. 后悔沒有用。It's simply a waste of time and money seeing that movi。
5.高中英語語法非謂語動詞和時態語態的要點
不定式的時態和語態 主動語態 一般式 to write 進行式 to be writing 完成式 to have written <><><> 被動語態 一般式 to be written 進行式 - 完成式 to have been written 不定式被動態的句法功能 做主語 To be obeyed is natural to her. 她生性要別人聽命于她。
<><><> 做外置主語 外置主語又稱真實主語 It's great honor to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙受邀赴宴,倍感榮幸。 <><><> 做賓語 This room needs to be cleaned at once. 這房間需要立刻打掃。
<><><> 做表語 A lot of work remains to be done in the office. 許多工作留到辦公室去做。 <><><> 做定語 The large building to be built here is a library. 將在這兒建一座圖書館。
<><><> 做狀語 She felt angry to be left alone.(原因狀語) 被單獨留下,她感到氣憤。 <><><> 做主補 The book intended to be read and not to be torn. 書是供人閱讀而不是讓人撕毀的。
<><><> 做賓補 The commander ordered the bridge to be burnt. 指揮員命令把橋燒掉。 不定式的句法功能 一、不定式作主語 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 學外語不容易。
Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 有必要在國慶節之前完成這個設計嗎? 二、不定式作賓語 I forgot to turn the oven on. 我忘記打開爐子。 三、不定式作賓補 Will you help me plant this tree, please? 請您幫我種這棵樹好嗎? 四、不定式作定語 He has a lot of questions to ask. 他有許多問題要問。
五、不定式作表語 Disney's greatest wish was to be a famous artist. 迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成為一個著名的藝術家。 六、不定式作狀語 She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. 她搜查了山頂上,然后在路邊的一塊大石頭上停下來休息。
不定式作主語(1) 不定式作主語有以下三種句型: 句型(1) 不定式短語 + 謂語動詞 句型(2) It's + 形容詞 + for/of 邏輯主語 + 不定式短語 句型(3) It's + 名詞 + for 邏輯主語 + 不定式短語 <><><> 在這一條目中,只講述句型(1),例外兩個結構在以下條目中講述。 To know oneself is difficult. 了解自己很困難。
在英語句子的表述中傾向主語短小一些,謂語部分長一些,以保持句子的結構平衡。故上句可以改寫如下: It's difficult to know oneself. <> To go to school on foot every day takes me half an hour. It takes me half an hour to go to school on foot every day. 我每天步行上學花費半個小時。
<> To read this book through will require time and patience. It will require time and patience to read this book through. 讀完這本書需要時間與耐心。 不定式作定語(1) 不定式短語作定語時,必須放在名詞中心詞的后面,作后置定語 Do you have anything more to say? 你還有什么話要說嗎? It's time to start spring sewing. 春播的時間到了。
That's the best way to solve the problem. 這是解決這個問題的最好辦法。 You have no right to talk like that. 你沒有權利那樣說話。
Perhaps in years to come we shall meet again. 或許在未來的歲月中我們還會見面。 <><><> 如果不定式短語作前置定語,則要采用“帶連字符的復合詞” 定式作表語 作表語的不定式短語通常是說明主語的內容,這時主語通常是如下名詞: hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business <><><> The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. 新技術的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁瑣。
Her wish is to become a singer. 她的愿望是當一名歌手。 Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. 我們的計劃就是在兩星期內完成這項工作。
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