1.名詞轉換成形容詞教學課程
英語中,有時在名詞之前或末尾加上不同的前綴或后綴就可以變為形容詞。如:sleep(睡覺) →asleep (睡著的) →sleepy (瞌睡的,困乏的), help(幫助)→helpful (有幫助的)等。本文擬就名詞變為形容詞的構成方法歸納如下:
一、名詞加-y構成形容詞。如:
rain (雨水) →rainy (多雨的)
wind (風) →windy (多風的,風大的)
cloud (云) →cloudy (多云的,陰天的)
snow (雪)→ snowy (多雪的)
sun (太陽)→ sunny (多陽光的,明朗的)
[特別提醒:別忘了雙寫n] 以重讀閉音節結尾(一個元音字母加一個輔音字母),雙寫最后一個輔音字母
luck (運氣)→ lucky (幸運的)
noise (嘈雜聲) →noisy (嘈雜的,喧鬧的)
[特別提醒:別忘了去掉e] 以不發音的“e”結尾,去掉“e”
health (健康) →healthy (健康的)
二、名詞加-ful構成形容詞,表示肯定。如:
use (使用) →useful (有用的,有益的)
help (幫助) →helpful (有幫助的,有益的)
harm (傷害,損害) →harmful (有害的)
forget (忘記) →forgetful (健忘的)
beauty (美麗) →beautiful (美麗的)
[特別提醒:別忘了把-y變成-i,再加-ful] 輔音字母加“y”結尾,先改“y”為“i”
care (關心,小心) →careful (小心的,仔細的)
pain (疼痛) →painful (疼痛的)
wonder (驚奇,感到奇怪) →wonderful (極好的)
color (顏色) →colorful (彩色的;色彩艷麗的)
thank (感謝) →thankful (感激的,欣賞的)
三、名詞加-less構成形容詞,表示否定。如:
use (用處) →useless (無用的)
care (關心,小心) →careless (粗心的)
harm (傷害,損害)→ harmless (無害的)
help (幫助) →helpless (無能的,無用的)
四、名詞加-ly構成形容詞。如:
friend (朋友) →friendly (友好的)
love (愛) →lovely (可愛的)
month (月份) →monthly (每月的)
live (生活,居住) →lively (充滿生氣的)
day (天) →daily (每日的)
五、在有些國名后加上-ese構成形容詞,表示“……國的”。如:
China (中國) →Chinese (中國的)
Japan (日本) →Japanese (日本的)
六、在某些以元音結尾的名詞后加-n構成形容詞。例如:
Asia(亞洲)→Asian (亞洲的)
America (美國) →American (美國的)
Australia (澳大利亞) →Australian (澳大利亞的)
七、在某些名詞后加-ous構成形容詞。如:
danger (危險) →dangerous (危險的)
fame (名聲,名望) →famous (著名的)
[特別提醒:別忘了去掉e] 以不發音的“e”結尾,去掉“e”
八、名詞加-en構成形容詞。如:
wool (羊毛) →woolen (羊毛的)
wood (木頭) →wooden (木制的)
gold (金子) →golden (金子般的)
九、在某些以元音結尾的名詞后加-an構成形容詞。如:
Europe(歐洲)→European (歐洲的)
十、在某些名詞后加-ish構成形容詞。如:
fool(傻瓜)→ foolish(愚蠢的)
Spain(西班牙)→ Spanish(西班牙的)
2.3.考查名詞轉換成形容詞
名詞轉換成形容詞有以下幾種情況:
(1).名詞+y → 形容詞 例如:rain→rainy wind→windy cloud→cloudy
sun→sunny snow→snowy fog→foggy mist→misty health→healthy luck→lucky unluck→unlucky noise→noisy fun→funny thirst→thirsty taste→tasty sleep→sleepy sport→sporty等。
(2).名詞+ful→形容詞 例如:care→careful thank→thankful cheer→cheerful help→helpful use→useful wonder→wonderful colour→colourful pain→painful success→successful power→powerful peace→peaceful wonder→wonderful harm→harmful meaning→meaningful thought→thoughtful等。
(3).名詞+n→形容詞 例如:America→American Russia→Russian
India→Indian Australia→Australian Canada→Canadian Italy→Italian Korea→Korean等。
(4).名詞+ ern→形容詞 例如:east→eastern west→western
north→northern south→southern等。
(5).名詞 +ous→形容詞 例如: danger→dangerous fame→famous huour→humorous poison→poisonous等。
(6). 名詞 +al→形容詞 例如:physics→ physical medicine→medical
music→musical nature→natural nation→national idea→ideal
culture→cultural education→educational internation→international等。
(7). 名詞 +less→形容詞 例如:use→useless hope→hopeless
help→helpless, home→homeless harm→harmless end→endless meaning→meaningless等。
(8). 名詞 +ly→形容詞 例如:friend→friendly week→weekly
day→daily month→monthly等。
注意:energy→energetic patience→patient importance→important
confidence→confident wool→woolen wood---wooden difference→different difficulty→difficult pride→proud person→personal safety→safe fashion→fashionable sleep→asleep avalue→avaluable
experience→experienced activity→active等。【中考實例】
考例1:【2008南京市--66]】 I like working here because everyone is________(friend).
【分析】:所給的詞friend為名詞,根據句意可知,所填的詞在句中作表語,應用形容詞,friend的形容詞為friendly,因此應填friendly。
考例2:【2009年無錫市-四.4]】 The _____(humour) story mad e all of us laugh.
3.英語動詞轉名詞和形容詞有什么規律
動詞變名詞1.在詞尾加er,r ,雙寫加er 或or:A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder,thrill _ thriller B. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorer dance _ dancer C. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, traval _ travaller D. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor2. 在詞尾加ing:build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,swim _ swimming, skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing, surf _ surfing, paint _ painting3.在詞尾加ion 或去e加ion:A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,celebrate _ celebration,pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decoration graduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration,pollute _ pollution contribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education,organize _ orgnization,donate _ donation,appreciate _ appreciation,operate _ operation, invite _ invitation B. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attraction impress _ impression,inject _ injection,instruct _ instruction4.其它:know _ knowledge, please _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment,practise _ practice, die _ death, succeed _ success, weigh _ weight,sit _ deat, change _ chance,enter _ entrance,fly _ flight,rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery,faile _ failure,appear _ appearance,breathe _ breath 動詞變形容詞 第一,后面加able,afford-affordable;以e結尾的動詞則去e加able,love-lovable:表示具有此性質、特點或屬性。
第二,后面加ed,scatter-scattered;以e結尾的動詞則直接加d,use-used:表示被動性的屬性或特點。 第三,不規則的動詞則必須記憶,記住其過去分詞形式規律不大,意義同上。
第四,后面加ing,run-running,die-dying,變為現在分詞形式,有的去e加ing,有的雙寫加ing,有的改為y加ing,規律同現在分詞,表示有正在主動的進行的屬性或特點。1.詞尾加ful:use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful,thank - thankful peace - peaceful, forget - forgetful, play - playful,succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful2.詞尾加d或ed:please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited,surprise - surprised, organize - organized, close - closed,wound - wounded, relax - relaxed,develop - developed,appreciate - appreciated,frustrate - frustrated,interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used,frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled,pollute - polluted3.詞尾加ing:interest - interesting, surprise - surprising, excite - exciting develop - developing, frighten - frightening,thrill - thyrilling frustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing, live - living rock - rocking, sleep - sleeping4.詞尾變y為i,加ed:worry - worried, marry - married,fry - fried, terrify - terrified satisfy - satisfied5.詞尾加able:know - knowledgeable, enjoy - enjoyabe,suit - suitable adjust - adjustable, comfort - comfortable6.其它:lose - lost, fool - foolish, live - lively / alive /living,sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep,wake - awake, taste - tasty speak - spoken, break - broken, die - dead, educate - aducational,world - worldwide。
4.求名詞變形容詞、動詞變名詞、
: 詞形變換 正文: I.動詞變名詞:在它的后面加上-er或-or就變成從事該項工作的人了。
如: work—worker(工人),teach—teacher(教師),read—reader(讀者),visit—visitor(參觀者),invent—inventor(發明家) II.名詞變形容詞: 1)某些表示天氣情況的名詞后面加y構成形容詞。 如: rain—rainy, snow—snowy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy 注意:有時需雙寫或去e。
如:sun—sunny, fog(霧)—foggy(多霧的),ice—icy(結冰的) 2)有的名詞后加-ful也可構成形容詞,意為“有……的”,加-less構成含否定意義的形容詞,意為“沒有……的”或“不……的”。 如: care—careful(細心的)—careless(粗心的),help—helpful(有幫助的)—helpless(無助的) 3)方位名詞后加-ern構成形容詞,注意有時讀音發生變化。
如: south [au] —southern [Λ], north[ ]—northern[ ],east—eastern, west—western 4)表示國家的名詞變形容詞時需加-n或-ese。 如: China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, America—American, Australia—Australian III.形容詞變名詞需在后面加上-ness,表示某一性質或狀態。
如: good—goodness(善良,仁慈),kind—kindness(厚道,仁慈),happy—happiness IV.動詞變形容詞其前面要加個a,表示“……著的”。 如: sleep(睡覺)—asleep(睡著的),wake(喚醒)—awake(醒著的) V.形容詞變副詞通常是加ly。
請記住口訣:一般直接加,“元e”,去e加,“輔y”改i加,“le”結尾e改y。如: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly 注意:有些形容詞和副詞同形。
如:fast, high, hard(adj。堅硬的)—(adv。
努力地),early等 。
5.名詞變復詞,形容詞和副詞的轉換
1.一般名詞復數是在名詞后面加上“s”,如map→maps, bag→bags等;
2.以s, sh, ch, x等結尾的詞加“es”,如bus→buses, watch→watches等;
3.以輔音字母+y結尾的詞,變y為i加es,如baby→babies等;以元音字母+ y結尾的名詞變復數時,直接加s變復數,如monkey→monkeys, holiday→holidays, storey→storeys(樓層);
4.以o 結尾的名詞變復數時:
a)加s的名詞有:photo→photos ,piano→pianos, radio→radios, zoo→zoos
b)加es的名詞有:
potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes
5.以f或fe結尾的名詞變復數時:
a)加s的名詞有:
belief→beliefs roof→roofs
safe→safes gulf→gulfs
b)去掉f, fe 加ves的名詞有:
half→halves knife→knives
leaf→leaves wolf→wolves
wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves1.一般名詞復數是在名詞后面加上“s”,如map→maps, bag→bags等;
2.以s, sh, ch, x等結尾的詞加“es”,如bus→buses, watch→watches等;
3.以輔音字母+y結尾的詞,變y為i加es,如baby→babies等;以元音字母+ y結尾的名詞變復數時,直接加s變復數,如monkey→monkeys, holiday→holidays, storey→storeys(樓層);
4.以o 結尾的名詞變復數時:
a)加s的名詞有:photo→photos ,piano→pianos, radio→radios, zoo→zoos
b)加es的名詞有:
potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes
5.以f或fe結尾的名詞變復數時:
a)加s的名詞有:
belief→beliefs roof→roofs
safe→safes gulf→gulfs
b)去掉f, fe 加ves的名詞有:
half→halves knife→knives
leaf→leaves wolf→wolves
wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves