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          非謂語動詞句子成分表

          非謂語動詞句子成分表

          一個有關非謂語動詞做句子成分的題

          選A. with + n.+ 過去分詞,獨立主格作狀語.work 和finish之間是被動,所以要用過去分詞表被動。

          獨立主格[編輯本段]獨立主格結構 (一):獨立主格的概念 “獨立主格結構”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語,加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構成。這種結構在形式上與主句沒有關系,通常稱為“獨立主格結構”。

          (二):獨立主格的功能 “獨立主格結構”實質就是帶有自己主語的非限定狀語從句。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語,從而依附于主句。

          而有些非限定性從句和無動詞從句帶有自己的主語,在結構上與主句不發生關系,因此成為獨立主格結構。其實,雖然叫做獨立主格結構,并不是真正的獨立,它還是一種從屬分句,在句中有多種作用。

          如:表原因、表條件、表方式、表伴隨、表時間等,在句中通常起狀語作用。 獨立主格結構主要用于描繪性文字中,其作用相當于一個狀語從句,常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。

          例如: 1) 表示時間 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開完會后我們都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下來喝茶。

          2) 表示條件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若條件有利,他或許能成功。 3) 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒有出租車,我們只好步行。

          He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得嚴嚴實實的。 4) 表示伴隨情況 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體,而銀則是最好的導體。

          (=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) (三): 獨立主格結構的構成: 名詞(代詞)+現在分詞、過去分詞; 名詞(代詞)+形容詞; 名詞(代詞)+副詞; 名詞(代詞)+名詞 名詞(代詞)+不定式; 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構成。 (四) 獨立主格結構的特點: (1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在。

          2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞等是主謂關系。 3)獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。

          舉例:(一) 1) 名詞/代詞+形容詞 The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them. It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open. 2) 名詞/代詞+現在分詞 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天來了,天氣越來越冷了。 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了,他出去散步。

          The question being settled, we wound up the meeting. 問題解決之后,我們結束了會議。 3) 名詞/代詞+過去分詞 “Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised. 4) 名詞/代詞(主格)+不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我們十點四十五分集合,隊伍十一點準時出發。

          Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 這是前兩卷,第三卷將于下月問世。 We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 我們進行了分工,他擦窗戶,我掃地。

          The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend's. 兩個男孩彼此道了別,一個回了家,另一個去了他朋友家。 5) 名詞/代詞+介詞短語 I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand. The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位獵人手里提著槍走進了樹林。

          He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand. 6) 名詞/代詞+副詞 Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking. 7) 名詞/代詞+名詞 he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗著,唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 (二) The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了,我們開始放假。

          The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你。

          This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我們才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 會議結束后,每個人都想早點回家。

          He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館 2. With的復合結構作獨立主格 表伴隨時,既可用分詞的獨立結構,也可用with的復合結構。

          with +名詞(代詞)+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 舉例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised【raising亦可】. 使用獨立主格四點注意: 1.獨立主格與狀語從句的轉換當狀語從句的主。

          非謂語動詞都有哪些句型

          動詞不定式 to + V 一般用來表示目的或結果,或者某個具體的動作。

          動名詞 V-ing 一般用來表示動作的主動概念和進行意義。 過去分詞 V-ed 一般用來表示動作的被動概念和完成意義。

          (一)關于動詞不定式的考點考點一:直接接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞這一類動詞往往表示請求、要求、選擇、決定、打算、企圖等afford, agree, aak, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, hate, help, hesitate, hinder, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, refuse, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, want He pledged never to come back until he had made great success. I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我對花那么多錢買衣服猶豫不決。考點二:在下列情況下常用不帶(或省略)to的動詞不定式:1. 感官動詞后面:feel, listen, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe, perceiveI saw a man enter the shop.2. 表示使役意義的動詞,如:have, let, make The teacher has us write a composition every week.3. 一些情態動詞后面:had better, would rather…than…,would sooner…than…,rather than, may well do,may as well do (還是…好了),can not but…,can not help but… Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi. We might as well put up here for tonight.4. 在do (did, does, done) nothing (anything, everything )but (except) do 句型中 I can do nothing but follow your advice.如果but或except之前沒有do,其后的to 不能省略。

          There is no choice but to wait and see.5. 由 all, what 引導的主語從句或者主語被only, first, one, least 或形容詞最高級修飾時,而且從句中含有do時,其表語如果是動詞不定式,則往往省去to。What I have to do is take a * only thing I could do was do it myself. 6. 由并列連詞and,except, but, than, or 連接兩個以上的具有相同意義或功能的不定式時,第二個動詞不定式不帶to。

          I'd like to stay with you, help you and learn from you. She told us to stay at home and wait till she came * try and fail is better than not to try at all. 嘗試而失敗也比不嘗試好。注意:如果兩個不定式表示對照或對比,則不能省略to。

          He hasn't decided weather to quit or to stay. 他還沒有決定是去還是留。To be or not to be, that is a question. 是生存還是死亡,這是一個問題。

          考點三:有些動詞后一般跟帶“疑問詞 + 動詞不定式”作賓語,如:consider, discover, discuss, explain, guess, know, inquire, observe, show, teach, understand, wonder等。 I wonder who to invite. 我不知請誰。

          Ask my brother where to put the car. 問一下我哥車停在哪兒。(二)關于動名詞的考點考點一:直接接動名詞做賓語的動詞和詞組 admit, avoid, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, feel like, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, involve, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practise, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, stop, give up, can't help, can't stand, suggest Forbid smoking on trains. 火車上禁止吸煙。

          We have to postpone sending our answer to the request. 我們不得不暫緩寄出對申請書的答復。注意:上述動詞中 allow, advise, forbid, permit, recommend 在有人作賓語時,則后接不定式作賓語補足語。

          如:allow somebody to do something I recommended going by subway. 我建議坐地鐵去。 The doctor recommended me to take a few days' rest. 醫生勸我休息幾天。

          考點二:下列短語中to 為介詞,后面只能接動名詞或名詞。 keep to apply to indifference to look forward to with an eye to amount to commit…to be familiar to stand up to with regard to take to owe…to be faithful to put one's mind to with a view to turn to resign… to be superior to get down to be opposed tosucceed to attribute …to be sensitive to live up to in relation toadmit to dedicate …to be devoted to owing to aid topoint to limit to be committed to thanks to object toNo woman could succeed to the throne. 婦女不能繼承王位。

          I am looking forward to seeing you again. 我盼著再見到你。考點三:在demand, deserve, need, require, want, worth 等詞后面接動名詞表示被動的意思,即用主動形式表示被動意義。

          如果接不定式,必須用不定式的被動形式。My socks want mending / to be * grammatical rule deserves * novel is well worth reading.考點四:在下列it 作形式主語或形式賓語的句型中,用動名詞作邏輯主語或邏輯賓語。

          It is no use(no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time等名詞)+ doing sth. It is good (nice, interesting, useless等形容詞) + doing sth.;There is no point (use, sense, good等名詞) + doing *'s no use crying over spilt milk. 后悔沒有用。It's simply a waste of time and money seeing that movi。

          怎樣弄清楚具體非謂語動詞是做什么句子成分的

          先搞清楚主句(主謂賓)的意思,再看看非謂語動詞部分的意思,你就會知道該怎樣聯立句子的兩個部分了。

          他一般做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結構句型等角度來區分其用法和細微含義。非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現在分詞。

          1、不定式和動名詞作主語的區別(1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作;而不定式作主語表示具體動作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.這里禁止抽煙。

          (抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動名詞作主語時,通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。

          不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。

          (經驗)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經驗)(3)不定式做主語,一般用it當形式主語,把作主語的不定式短語后置。

          It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2、不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區別(1)不定式作表語1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作,特別是表示將來的動作。To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做兩件事等于未做。

          What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。2)如果主語是不定式(表示條件),表語也是不定式(表示結果)。

          To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。To work means to earn a living.工作就是為了生活。

          3)如果主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞,或以what引導的名詞性從句,不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明 作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。

          The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the * most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.(2)動名詞作表語:動名詞作表語,表示抽象的一般性的行為。Our work is serving the people.我們的工作是為人民服務。

          (注)動名詞作表語時與進行時態中的現在分詞形式相同,但其所屬結構迥異,進行時態說明動作是由主語完成的。動名詞做表語,說明主語的性質或情況。

          People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid * victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.3、它還能作定語。1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關系He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。

          The train to arrive was from London.將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關系Get him something to eat.給他拿點兒東西吃。

          She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語,要加上適當的介詞和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系,這里的介詞不能省去。

          I need a pen to write with.我需要一支筆寫字。There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么值得發愁的。

          4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權利等抽象名詞如:ability能力,本領 drive趕,駕駛 movement運動,活動ambition抱負,野心 effort努力,嘗試 need需要,需求campaign戰役,運動 failure失敗,不及格 opportunity機會chance機會 force力,壓力,要點 promise許諾,希望courage勇氣 intention意向,意圖 reason理由,原因decision決定 method方法,方式 light光,光線,亮光determination決心,決定 motive動機,目的 struggle奮斗,努力,tendency傾向,趨勢 wish希望,愿望,祝愿5)被修飾的名詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高級或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定詞時候,只能用不定式。4、它能作狀語,表伴隨,有時表時間條件結果原因目的等。

          重點你要搞清楚,邏輯主語跟該動詞的關系是被動還是主動,你才能搞清楚他們的關系、1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。

          (伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。

          動詞不定式作狀語時,除了表示目的以外,還表示結果或原因。Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在專心讀書,他忘了吃午飯的時間。

          (原因)Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔細讀書時,發現了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔細閱讀,你會學到一些新的東西。

          (條件)His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太窮,不能維持他的生活。(結果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.這男孩個子不夠高,手伸不到書架。

          (結果)We are glad to hear the news.我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)5.非謂語動詞常考的其它結構(1)疑問詞+不。

          怎樣弄清楚具體非謂語動詞是做什么句子成分的

          先搞清楚主句(主謂賓)的意思,再看看非謂語動詞部分的意思,你就會知道該怎樣聯立句子的兩個部分了。

          他一般做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結構句型等角度來區分其用法和細微含義。非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現在分詞。

          1、不定式和動名詞作主語的區別(1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作;而不定式作主語表示具體動作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.這里禁止抽煙。

          (抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動名詞作主語時,通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。

          不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。

          (經驗)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經驗)(3)不定式做主語,一般用it當形式主語,把作主語的不定式短語后置。

          It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2、不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區別(1)不定式作表語1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作,特別是表示將來的動作。To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做兩件事等于未做。

          What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。2)如果主語是不定式(表示條件),表語也是不定式(表示結果)。

          To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。To work means to earn a living.工作就是為了生活。

          3)如果主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞,或以what引導的名詞性從句,不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明 作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。

          The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the * most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.(2)動名詞作表語:動名詞作表語,表示抽象的一般性的行為。Our work is serving the people.我們的工作是為人民服務。

          (注)動名詞作表語時與進行時態中的現在分詞形式相同,但其所屬結構迥異,進行時態說明動作是由主語完成的。動名詞做表語,說明主語的性質或情況。

          People cannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid * victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.3、它還能作定語。1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關系He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。

          The train to arrive was from London.將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關系Get him something to eat.給他拿點兒東西吃。

          She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語,要加上適當的介詞和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系,這里的介詞不能省去。

          I need a pen to write with.我需要一支筆寫字。There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么值得發愁的。

          4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權利等抽象名詞如:ability能力,本領 drive趕,駕駛 movement運動,活動ambition抱負,野心 effort努力,嘗試 need需要,需求campaign戰役,運動 failure失敗,不及格 opportunity機會chance機會 force力,壓力,要點 promise許諾,希望courage勇氣 intention意向,意圖 reason理由,原因decision決定 method方法,方式 light光,光線,亮光determination決心,決定 motive動機,目的 struggle奮斗,努力,tendency傾向,趨勢 wish希望,愿望,祝愿5)被修飾的名詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高級或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定詞時候,只能用不定式。4、它能作狀語,表伴隨,有時表時間條件結果原因目的等。

          重點你要搞清楚,邏輯主語跟該動詞的關系是被動還是主動,你才能搞清楚他們的關系、1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。

          (伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。

          動詞不定式作狀語時,除了表示目的以外,還表示結果或原因。Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在專心讀書,他忘了吃午飯的時間。

          (原因)Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔細讀書時,發現了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔細閱讀,你會學到一些新的東西。

          (條件)His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太窮,不能維持他的生活。(結果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.這男孩個子不夠高,手伸不到書架。

          (結果)We are glad to hear the news.我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)5.非謂語動詞常考的其它結構(1。

          一個有關非謂語動詞做句子成分的題

          選A. with + n.+ 過去分詞,獨立主格作狀語.work 和finish之間是被動,所以要用過去分詞表被動。

          獨立主格[編輯本段]獨立主格結構 (一):獨立主格的概念 “獨立主格結構”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語,加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構成。這種結構在形式上與主句沒有關系,通常稱為“獨立主格結構”。

          (二):獨立主格的功能 “獨立主格結構”實質就是帶有自己主語的非限定狀語從句。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語,從而依附于主句。

          而有些非限定性從句和無動詞從句帶有自己的主語,在結構上與主句不發生關系,因此成為獨立主格結構。其實,雖然叫做獨立主格結構,并不是真正的獨立,它還是一種從屬分句,在句中有多種作用。

          如:表原因、表條件、表方式、表伴隨、表時間等,在句中通常起狀語作用。 獨立主格結構主要用于描繪性文字中,其作用相當于一個狀語從句,常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。

          例如: 1) 表示時間 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開完會后我們都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下來喝茶。

          2) 表示條件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若條件有利,他或許能成功。 3) 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒有出租車,我們只好步行。

          He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得嚴嚴實實的。 4) 表示伴隨情況 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體,而銀則是最好的導體。

          (=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) (三): 獨立主格結構的構成: 名詞(代詞)+現在分詞、過去分詞; 名詞(代詞)+形容詞; 名詞(代詞)+副詞; 名詞(代詞)+名詞 名詞(代詞)+不定式; 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構成。 (四) 獨立主格結構的特點: (1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在。

          2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞等是主謂關系。 3)獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。

          舉例:(一) 1) 名詞/代詞+形容詞 The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them. It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open. 2) 名詞/代詞+現在分詞 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天來了,天氣越來越冷了。 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了,他出去散步。

          The question being settled, we wound up the meeting. 問題解決之后,我們結束了會議。 3) 名詞/代詞+過去分詞 “Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised. 4) 名詞/代詞(主格)+不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我們十點四十五分集合,隊伍十一點準時出發。

          Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 這是前兩卷,第三卷將于下月問世。 We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 我們進行了分工,他擦窗戶,我掃地。

          The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend's. 兩個男孩彼此道了別,一個回了家,另一個去了他朋友家。 5) 名詞/代詞+介詞短語 I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand. The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位獵人手里提著槍走進了樹林。

          He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand. 6) 名詞/代詞+副詞 Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking. 7) 名詞/代詞+名詞 he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗著,唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 (二) The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了,我們開始放假。

          The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你。

          This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我們才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 會議結束后,每個人都想早點回家。

          He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館 2. With的復合結構作獨立主格 表伴隨時,既可用分詞的獨立結構,也可用with的復合結構。

          with +名詞(代詞)+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 舉例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised【raising亦可】. 使用獨立主格四點注意: 1.獨立主格與狀語從句的轉換當狀語從句的主語與主句的。

          非謂語動詞的用法

          要想掌握非謂語動詞的用法,輕松備戰高考,快速準確地解題,不妨牢記非謂語動詞解題“五步驟”:“牢記核心意義--分析句子成分—尋找邏輯主語,把握主被動關系—了解時間關系—分析特殊情況”.在做題過程中通過以上五個步驟而逐步排除干擾項,很快就可以找準答案.此“五步驟”的具體內容如下:1、牢記核心意義.不定式表將來或能夠,動詞ing形式表主動或進行,過去分詞表被動或完成.2、分析句子成分.非謂語動詞在句中可充當主語、賓語、定語、表語、補語以及狀語.3、尋找邏輯主語,把握主被動關系.非謂語動詞雖然在語法上沒有主語,但它仍表示的是動作,因此在意義上會有一個動作的發出者,這個發出者就是它的邏輯主語.作主語補足語,表語和狀語時,邏輯主語為句子的主語;作賓語補足語,邏輯主語為賓語;作定語,邏輯主語是所修飾的先行詞;復合結構自帶邏輯主語.如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的是主動關系,用現在分詞或不定式的主動式,如果是被動關系,則用過去分詞或不定式的被動式,如果表被動進行,則用現在分詞的被動式或不定式的被動進行式.4、了解時間關系.如果非謂語動詞與句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生,用一般式;如果發生在之前,則用完成式,如果強調正在進行,則用進行時;如果動作在將來發生,則用不定式.5、分析特殊情況.主要是指一些習慣用法,固定搭配等.。

          【什么是非謂語動詞和謂語動詞?請給出定義及舉例.請從現代漢語角

          一種解釋:非謂語動詞在句子中充當除謂語以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞(the Non-Finite Verbs).非謂語動詞有三種:不定式(the Infinites)、動名詞(the Gerunds)和分詞(the Participles). 1.非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點有: (1)如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如: They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. (2)都可以被狀語修飾: The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. (3)都有主動與被動, “體”式(一般式;進行式;完成式)的變化.例如: He was punished by his parents.(謂語動詞被動語態) He avoided being punished by his parents.(動名詞的被動式) We have written the composition.(謂語動詞的完成時) Having written the composition, we handed it in.(現在分詞的完成式) (4)都可以有邏輯主語 They started the work at once.(謂語動詞的邏輯主語) The boss ordered them to start the work.(動詞不定式的邏輯主語) We are League members.(謂語動詞的主語) We being League member, the work was well done. (現在分詞的邏輯主語) 2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點有: (1)非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用(如動詞不定式和動名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語. (2)非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語. (3)非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語. (二)非謂語動詞的句法功能: 二、非謂語動詞用法: (一)動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征. 1.不定式的形式:(以動詞write為例) 否定式:not + (to) do (1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之后, 例如: I'm glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done. (2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如: The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. (3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如: I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 2.不定式的句法功能: (1)作主語: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如上面兩句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. (2)作表語: Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. (3)作賓語: 常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如: Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如: I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English. (4)作賓語補足語: 在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema. 有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. (5)作定語: 動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后.與所修飾名詞有如下關系: ①動賓關系: I have a meeting to attend. 注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如: He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with? 如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞: He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式: Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent? ②說明所修飾名詞的內容: We have made a plan to finish the work. ③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語: He is the first to get here. (6)作狀語: ①表目的: He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致: wrong:To save money, every means has been tried. right:To save money, he has tried every means. wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. ②表結果: He 。

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