【英語五種基本句型】
英語五種基本句型結構發表時間:2010-11-30 19:51:36作者:鐘超韞來源:英語中的五種基本句型結構一、句型1:Subject (主語) + Verb (謂語) 這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞,所謂不及物動詞,就是這種動詞后不可以直接接賓語.常見的動詞如:work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等.如:1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學習很努力.2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發生的.3)Spring is coming.4) We have lived in the city for ten years.二、句型2:Subject (主語) + Link.V(系動詞) + Predicate(表語)這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點、身份等.其系動詞一般可分為下列兩類:(1)表示狀態.這樣的詞有:be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等.如:1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口.2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急.(2)表示變化.這類系動詞有:become,turn,get,grow,go等.如:1) Spring * is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來越暖和.2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長得高多了.三、句型3:Subject(主語) + Verb (謂語) + Object (賓語)這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞,所謂及物動詞,就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語,其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當.例:1) He took his bag and left.(名詞) 他拿著書包離開了.2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.(代詞)當我遇到困難時,李雷總能給我幫助.3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游.4) I don't know what I should do next.(從句)我不知道下一步該干什么.注意:英語中的許多動詞既是及物動詞,又是不及物動詞.四、句型4:Subject(主語)+Verb(謂語)+ Indirect object(間接賓語)+Direct object (直接賓語)這種句型中,直接賓語為主要賓語,表示動作是對誰做的或為誰做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當;間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語,去掉之后,對整個句子的影響不大,多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔.引導這類雙賓語的常見動詞有:buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等.如:1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物.2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人經常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事.上述句子還可以表達為:1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.五、句型5:Subject(主語)+Verb (動詞)+Object (賓語)+Complement(補語)這種句型中的“賓語 + 補語”統稱為“復合賓語”.賓語補足語的主要作用或者是補充、說明賓語的特點、身份等;或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等.擔任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等.如:1)You should keep the room clean and tidy.你應該讓屋子保持干凈整潔.(形容詞)2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當班長.3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩.4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現在分詞)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過去分詞)● 常見的動詞有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,would like,order,force,allow等.● 注意:動詞have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時,不帶to.如:1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項工作.2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個晚上.。
英語各種時態句型
一、 一般現在時:
1.概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要加(e)S)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,通史還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般過去時:
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:be動詞;行為動詞
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 現在進行時:
1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本結構:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 過去進行時:
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五 、過去完成時:
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標準,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。
2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed fo
五種基本句型, 各舉5個例子
英語五種基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S +V (主+謂)
基本句型二: S +V +P (主+系+表)
基本句型三: S +V +O (主+謂+賓)
基本句型四: S +V +IO +O(主+謂+間賓+直賓)
基本句型五: S +V +O +C(主+謂+賓+賓補)
基本句型 一
S +V(主+謂)
此句型的句子有一個共同特點,即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。
這類動詞叫做不及物動詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
基本句型 二
S +V +P(主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一個共同的特點:句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思,必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成復合謂語,才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類:be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類,表示情況;get, grow, become, turn,go等屬另一類,表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義另:stay,prove,remain,stand。
基本句型 三
S +V +O(主+謂+賓)
此句型句子的共同特點是:謂語動詞都具有實義,都是主語產生的動作,但不能表達完整的意思,必須跟有一個賓語,即動作的承受者,才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。
基本句型 四
S +V +IO +O(主+謂+間賓+直賓)
此句型的句子有一個共同特點:謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者,另一個是動作的間接承受者。
通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接,當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時,這一介詞往往被省略。
基本句型 五
S +V +O +C(主+謂+賓+賓補)
此句型的句子的共同特點是:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語,才能使意思完整。
例句
* work hard.
主 + 謂
* flower is dead.
主 + 系 + 表
* need water.
主 + 謂 + 賓
* gives me some seeds.
主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 簡賓
* should keep the plants in the shade.
主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補
* animals live in trees.
主 + 謂
除了基本句型的成分不變外,通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞(主要是形容詞、副詞和數詞),也可以是各種類型的短語(主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語)。下面以基本句型五(v+o+o.c)為例:
We found the hall full.
我們發現禮堂坐滿了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers
listening to an important report.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師,在聽一個重要報告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers
listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我們發現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師,在聽人民日報的一位同志作有關東歐局勢的重要報告。
英語5種基本句型各50句
1.S(主) + Vi(不及物動詞)(謂) Time flies.1) S + V + adverbial(狀語) Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介詞短語) He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式) We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle (分詞) I'll go swimming.2. S (主)+ Vt (及物動詞)(謂)+ O(賓) We like English.1) S + VT + N/Pron I like music.I like her.2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式) I want to help him.常用于這句型的動詞有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know what to do.常用于這句型的動詞有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。4) S + VT + Gerund I enjoy living here.常用于這句型的動詞有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clause I don't think (that) he is right.常用于這句型的動詞有:Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(覺得), hear(聽說), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(當心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see(看出),show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺得奇怪)。3. S (主)+ V(謂)(lv)( 系動詞)+ P(表) We are Chinese.除了be 系動詞外,還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞,1)表感官的動詞,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2) 表轉變變化的動詞,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延續的動詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。
4)表瞬時的動詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他動詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞) He is a boy. This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj(形容詞) She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副詞) Class is over.4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health.5) S + Lv + Participle(分詞) He is * film is interesting.4. S (主)+ VT (謂)+ In O(間接 賓) + D O(直接 賓) I give you help.1) S + VT + N/Pron + N I sent him a book.I bought May a book.2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase He sent a book to * bought a coat for me.間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有:allow, bring, deny, do(帶來), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等。5. S (主)+ VT(謂)+ O(賓) + O C(賓補) I make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + N We named our baby Tom.常用于這句型的動詞有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj He painted the wall white.常用于這句型的動詞有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order.4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive I wish you to stay.I made him work 常用于這句型的動詞有:a)不定式帶to的詞:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。
b)不定式不帶to的詞:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分詞) I heard my name called.I feel something moving.常用于這句型的動詞有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive He show me how to do it.常用于這句型的動詞有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause He told me that the film was great.常用于這句型的動詞有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。
8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause He asked me what he should do.常用于這句型的動詞有:Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.。
語文各種句式有哪些
1、判斷句
判斷句,是根據謂語的性質給句子分類得出的一種句型,一般是用名詞或名詞性詞組作謂語,對事物的屬性作出判斷,即說明某事物是什么,或不是什么。
2、陳述句
陳述句(Declarative Sentence)是陳述一個事實或者說話人的看法。陳述句又分為肯定的陳述句和否定的陳述句,簡稱為肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)。
3、被動句
被動句就是“被”字句并舉例說明,被動句的注意事項,使用被動句的適宜情況。
4、省略句
省略是為了避免重復、突出新信息 并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。省略在英語語言中,尤其在對話中,是一種十分普遍的現象。省略句是英語的一種習慣用法。
5、否定句
表示否定的句子。必須有否定詞,古代漢語中否定詞可以是副詞“不”、“弗”、“毋”、“勿”、“未”、“否”、“非”,可以是動詞如“無”。
英語各種句式的結構
英語基本句式小結 英語中的句式有很多種,從英語的句子結構上說,總體可以歸納為五個基本句式。
一般地說,某些動詞用在某一特定句式中。那么,哪些動詞常用于哪些句式,我們把這些句型和常用的動詞進行歸類,每一大類都分出詳細的條目,同學們可以在理解記憶各大類的基礎上記憶相關動詞,并繼續歸納總結。
1.S(主)+ Vi(不及物動詞)(謂) 1)S + V + adverbial(狀語) Birds sing beautifully. 2)S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介詞短語) He went on holiday. 3)S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式) We stopped to have a rest. 4)S + Vi+ Participle (分詞) I'll go swimming 2. S (主)+ Vt (及物動詞)(謂)+ O(賓) 1) S + VT + N/Pron I like music. 2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式) I want to help him. 常用于這句型的動詞有:attempt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,learn,need,offer,refuse,want,wish等。 3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know what to do. 常用于這句型的動詞有:ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell,think,understand,wonder等。
4) S + VT + Gerund I enjoy living here. 常用于這句型的動詞有:admit,advise,avoid,consider,defend,enjoy,excuse,finish,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,give up,can't help等。 5) S + VT + That-clause I don't think (that) he is right. 常用于這句型的動詞有:Admit,believe,declare,demand,deny,doubt,expect,explain,feel(覺得),hear(聽說),hope,imagine,intend,know,mean,mind(當心),notice,request,report,say,see(看出),show,suggest,suppose,think,understand,wish,wonder(覺得奇怪)。
3. S (主)+ V(謂)(lv)( 系動詞)+ P(表) 1)S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞) He is a boy. 2)S + Lv + Adj(形容詞) She is beautiful. 3)S + Lv + Adv (副詞) Class is over. 4)S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health. 5)S + Lv + Participle(分詞) The film is interesting. 除了be 系動詞外,還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞: 表感官的動詞,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。表轉變變化的動詞,become,get,grow,turn,go,等。
表延續的動詞 remain,keep,seem,hold,stay,rest等。表瞬時的動詞 come,fall,set,cut,occur等。
其他動詞 eat,lie,prove,ring,run,shine,sit,stand,continue,hang等。英語的基本句型主要有五種,它們是:1、主語———動詞———表語2、主語———動詞3、主語———動詞———賓語4、主語———動詞———賓語———賓語5、主語———動詞———賓語———補語掌握好這些基本句型,就可以為靈活運用語言打下良好的基礎。
下面分別講解這五種句型。一、主語---動詞----表語在這一句型中,動詞是系動詞,劃線部分為表語。
* is an engineer.(名詞做表語)*ly he became silent.(形容詞做表語)* remained standing for a hour.(現在分詞做表語)* question remained unsolved.(過去分詞做表語)* machine is out of order.(介詞短語做表語)* television was on.(副詞做表語)* plan is to keep the affair secret.(動詞不定式做表語)* job is repairing cars.(動名詞做表語)* question is what you want to do.(從句做表語,即:表語從句)注意:在下面的句子中,形容詞做表語,在表語的后面常常接不定式結構。I'm happy to meet * are willing to * are determined to follow his example.二、主語———動詞在這一句型中,動詞為不及物動詞及不及物的動詞詞組。
在有的句子中,不及物動詞可以有狀語修飾。* sun is rising.2.I'll * you sleep well?(well做狀語,修飾不及物動詞sleep)* engine broke down.注意:在此句型中,有少數不及物動詞表達被動含義,表達主語本身所具有的特性,不用被動語態。
* book sells * window won't * pen writes * cuts easily.三、主語———動詞———賓語在此句型中,動詞為及物動詞,劃線部分為賓語。* you know these people(them)?(名詞或代詞做賓語)2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代詞做賓語)* smiled a strange smile.(同源賓語)* can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做賓語)* you mind waiting a few minutes?(動名詞做賓語)6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(從句做賓語,即:賓語從句)注意:并不是所有的及物動詞都可以接上述各種情況做賓語,不同的動詞有不同的用法,所以,在學習動詞時,一定要掌握其用法。
四、主語———動詞———賓語———賓語在此句型中,動詞可以稱作雙賓語動詞,在英語中,這樣的動詞并不多,在學習遇時,要牢記。后面的賓語為間接賓語和直接賓語,其中間接賓語在前,一般表人,直接賓語在后,一般表物。
這類句型有三種情況。第一種情況,間接賓語可以改為to引導的短語。
* handed me a * handed a letter to * gave me her telephone * gave her telephone number t。
五種基本句型各舉兩個例子
一、簡單句:
基本形式:簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構成。其它各種句子形式都是由此句型發展而來,如五大基本句型:
1.主語+謂語:
這種句型簡稱為主謂結構
例: Things change.事物是變化的。 Nobody went.沒有人去。
Did you go by sea?你們走的是海路嗎?
2.主語+連系動詞+表語:
這種句型稱為主系表結構,
例: Mr. Turner is an artist.特納先生是位畫家。
She became a lawyer.她當了律師。
3.主語+謂語+賓語:
這種句型可稱為主謂賓結構,它的謂語一般多是及物動詞,
例: We never beat children.我們從來不打孩子。
4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語:
這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結構,其謂語應是可有雙賓語的及物動詞,兩個賓語一個是間接賓語,一個是直接賓語,
例:He gave the book to his sister.他把這本書給了他的妹妹。
I'll write you a long letter.我將寫給你一封長信。
5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補:
這種句型可簡稱為主謂賓補結構,其補語是賓語補語,與賓語一起即構成復合賓語
,
例:I found the book easy.我發現這本書不難。(形容詞easy作補語) I'll let him go.我將讓他去。(不定式go用作補語)
五種基本句型的例句
1主謂結構 i live in beijing
he works hard.
he runs very fast.
he sood there alone.
he sit in the chair.
he lay in bed.
it happened in 1919.
it doesn't matter.
it took place in shanghai.
謂主結構 here comes the bus.
there is a book on the desk.
2.主系表結構 you look happy.
he became a worker.
the milk went bad.
he grows old.
the weather gets warm.
the leaves turn yellow.
he is very glad to see her.
he stays busy.
the food smells sweet.
it tastes good.
3.主謂賓 this book interests me very much
i teach english.
what you said moved me.
i like swimming.
i want to be a doctor when i grow up.
he dressed the baby.
he often helps me .
he finished doing his homework
i hear he will be back soon.
i think you are right.
主謂間賓直賓 he gave me a gift yesterday.
sing us a song.
show me your book.
he teaches us english.
my father bought me a bike.
he made her a chair.
he told me a story.
he asked me a question.
please do me a favour.
pass me the dictionary.
it takes me half an hour to to school from my home.
主謂賓 賓補 i make you my friend.
you made me angry.
he asked me to open the door.
i heard her singing in the room.
he saw him go away.
let me out.
i will have my watch repaired.
he had the tv working when he slept.
the teacher made him answer the question.
have xiaowang do it.