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初中英語：句子成分
根據英語詞匯在英語句子中的地位和作用， 英語句子的成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語及獨立成分等。其中，主語和謂語是句子的主要成分，一般情況下，一個句子不能缺少這兩種成分。
1. 主語：表示句子所要說明或描述的人或事物，一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當，置于句首。如：
It's getting cold. 天冷起來了。
Now everything is ready. 現在一切都準備好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老師對我們很好。
2. 謂語：說明或描述主語的動作、狀態或特征，由動詞或動詞短語充當，位于主語之后。如：
Mother bought me a VCR. 媽給我買了一臺錄像機。
We have finished our work already. 我們已經完成了工作。
3. 表語：表示主語的身份、性質、狀態和特征，一般由名詞、形容詞、或相當于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語或句子充當，位于連系動詞之后，與連系動詞一起構成句子的謂語。如：
Be careful！ 小心！
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生氣。
His job is looking after sheep. 他的任務是看羊。
4. 賓語：指動作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當，位于動詞之后。如：
He wrote many plays. 他寫了許多劇本。
She loves swimming. 她喜歡游泳。
5. 賓語補足語：用來對賓語進行補充和說明，一般由名詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞等充當。如：
He told us to stay. 他叫我們留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我從未看見過她跳舞。
I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很難拒絕他。
6. 定語：對名詞或代詞進行修飾、限制或說明，一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞及句子等充當，位置可在所修飾的詞之前，也可在所修飾的詞之后（詳見形容詞一章）。如：
It's an interesting story. 那是一個有趣的故事。
Do you have time to help us？ 你有時間幫助我們嗎？
Who is the woman being operated on？ 正在動手術的女人是誰？
7. 狀語：用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個句子等，一般由副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語或句子充當。如：
We like English very much. 我們非常喜歡英語。
Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看書。
United we stand, divided we fall. 團結則存，分裂則亡。
8. 同位語：若兩個語法單位指同一個人或事物，并且，句法功能也一樣，那么，后一項稱為前一項的同位語。如：
This is my friend Harry. 這是我的朋友哈利。
We students should study hard. 我們學生應該努力學習。
9. 獨立成分：與句子其他成分沒有通常的語法關系，如插入語、感嘆語、呼語等，一般用逗號將它與句子隔開。如：
He's a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一個好人。
Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 說也奇怪，考試他竟然通過了。
注：后兩種初中不要求掌握
初中英語句子成分例句及詳解
1. 主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. （數詞） Seeing is believing. （動名詞）To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語)（一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 謂語（predicate）：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面。We study English. He is asleep.（二）. 選出句中謂語的中心詞① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表語（predicative）：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態和特征。
He is a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You don't look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數詞） He is asleep. （形容詞）His father is in.（副詞） The picture is on the wall. （介詞短語）My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）（常見的系動詞有： be, sound（聽起來）， look（看起來）， feel（摸起來，smell（聞起來）， taste（嘗、吃起來）， remain（保持，仍是）， feel（感覺）…… It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds * voice sounds sweet. Tom looks * food smells delicious. The food tastes * door remains open. Now I feel tired. （三） 挑出下列句中的表語① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim？③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 賓語：1）動賓表示行為的對象，常由名詞或者代詞擔任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。
如：I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數詞）I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said？ （賓語從句） 2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 雙賓語-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.（四） 挑出下列句中的賓語① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class？⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?5. 賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。We elected him monitor. （名詞） We all think it a pity that she didn't come here. （名詞）We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in. （ 副詞 ） Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語） Don't let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Don't keep the lights burning. （現在分詞） I'll have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）（五） 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞）We belong to the third world.（數詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.（副詞）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. （介詞）The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）（六） 挑出下列句中的定語① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name？③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條。
初中英語句子成分例句及詳解
1. 主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. （數詞） Seeing is believing. （動名詞） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主語從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語)（一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 謂語（predicate）：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面。We study English. He is asleep.（二）. 選出句中謂語的中心詞 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表語（predicative）：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態和特征。
He is a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You don't look it. （代詞） Five and five is ten. （數詞） He is asleep. （形容詞） His father is in.（副詞） The picture is on the wall. （介詞短語） My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞） The question is whether they will come. （表語從句） （常見的系動詞有： be, sound（聽起來）， look（看起來）， feel（摸起來，smell（聞起來）， taste（嘗、吃起來）， remain（保持，仍是）， feel（感覺）…… It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds * voice sounds sweet. Tom looks * food smells delicious. The food tastes * door remains open. Now I feel tired. （三） 挑出下列句中的表語 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim？③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 賓語：1）動賓表示行為的對象，常由名詞或者代詞擔任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。
如：I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞） How many do you need? We need two. （數詞）I enjoy working with you. （動名詞） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said？ （賓語從句） 2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 雙賓語-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.（四） 挑出下列句中的賓語 ① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class？⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?5. 賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。We elected him monitor. （名詞） We all think it a pity that she didn't come here. （名詞） We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in. （ 副詞 ） Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語） Don't let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式） Don't keep the lights burning. （現在分詞） I'll have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）（五） 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞） We belong to the third world.（數詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞） The man over there is my old friend.（副詞） The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. （介詞） The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現在分詞） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞） I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）（六） 挑出下列句中的定語 ① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name？③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、。
解析初中英語句子成分
I had to think of a way of preventing。（省略）
這句話意為：我必須想出一個阻止……的辦法。
這個句子中I是主語，had to是一個情態動詞，think of是一個短語動詞，他們一起構成句子的謂語，其中think of是一個習語，不能分開來解，就像look after“照顧”，look for"尋找”等短語動詞是一樣的；a way of preventing …是這個句子的賓語。
呵呵，其實我覺得初中英語我還是有發言權的，特別是英語的句子成分。建議你再好好的看看這個句子，再評說我給你的解答。我相信學無止境！聽君一席話，我也準備去研究研究這個問題。
補充一點：a way of preventing……這個短語中，of preventing……做的是a way的定語，再細點preventing做的是of的賓語。
英語中的句子成分詳解
英語的句子成分主要有七類。
分別是主語、謂語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語。 1、主語：主語說明謂語所表示的動作或狀態的執行者。
名詞（短語）、代詞、數詞、不定時（短語）、動名詞（短語）和從句均可充當主語。 例句：A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.微風使水面泛起漣漪。
（名詞短語作主語） 2、謂語：謂語用來描述主語的行為動作或所處的狀態。謂語的中心詞是限定動詞，有人稱、數和時態的變化。
例句：I have tried this way three times.我用這種方法試了三次。 3、表語：表語與前面的系動詞一起構成復合謂語，用來說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態、身份等。
例句：Anita is a Canadian.安妮塔是加拿大人。（名詞作表語） 4、賓語：賓語有單賓語、雙賓語、復合賓語等，雙賓語又分為直接賓語和間接賓語。
例句：We love pace.我們熱愛和平。（直接賓語） 5、同位語：對句子中某一成分作進一步解釋說明。
例句：They each can get a chance to travel by air.（代詞作同位語） 6、定語：定語是用來描述名詞或代詞的修飾語。 例句：It is a difficult problem.這是一個棘手的問題。
（形容詞作前置定語） 7、狀語：狀語是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞和句子的一種成分。 例句：Arriving there,call me up.到了之后，給我來個電話。
（現在分詞作狀語） 擴展資料： 組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分，其他處于次要部分。
英語中的基本句型為主語+謂語；主語+謂語+賓語；主語+連系動詞+表語；主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語；主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語。 參考資料：百度百科——句子成分。
高分求初中英語句子成分分析
I want you to tell me the truth 是主謂賓賓補His parents named him John 是主謂賓賓補，His parents named him是主謂賓，但句子不能這么完，所以John充當him的賓語補足語，進一步說明named him什么They have set the thief free 不是主謂賓賓補He felt it very difficult to talk with you He felt是主謂，it very difficult to talk with you是it做形式賓語He showed the ticket to the conductor 就是the ticket , the conductor均為賓語，但缺少哪一個句子意思就不明確，賓賓補可以理解為后面的詞（賓補）對前面（賓）一個進行補充說明，就像 His parents named him John，他父母把他命名，命名為什么？這時用John來修飾而直間賓算是間賓對謂語動詞的完善。
He showed the ticket to the conductor，他展示了票，給誰？總不是給自己展示把？所以用to the conductor進行對動作的完善That morning we talked a great deal，這句中，That morning 是時間狀語，we 主語，talked謂語，a great deal也是狀語，其義為很多。英文中為adj或adv，無法充當賓語跟在be之后的一定是主系表結構。
答，不一定，I am talking with you就不是主系表呵呵。
解析初中英語句子成分
I had to think of a way of preventing。
（省略）這句話意為：我必須想出一個阻止……的辦法。這個句子中I是主語，had to是一個情態動詞，think of是一個短語動詞，他們一起構成句子的謂語，其中think of是一個習語，不能分開來解，就像look after“照顧”，look for"尋找”等短語動詞是一樣的；a way of preventing …是這個句子的賓語。
呵呵，其實我覺得初中英語我還是有發言權的，特別是英語的句子成分。建議你再好好的看看這個句子，再評說我給你的解答。
我相信學無止境！聽君一席話，我也準備去研究研究這個問題。 補充一點：a way of preventing……這個短語中，of preventing……做的是a way的定語，再細點preventing做的是of的賓語。
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