一、初中英語語法非謂語動詞
實意動詞除作謂語外,還有不能單獨作謂語的形式,即非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞包括:不定式,動名詞,分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞)動名詞動名詞是動詞-ing形式的一種,特點是只能作句子的主語和賓語,但是沒有單復數形式之分,在此不再贅述。動詞不定式動詞不定式在句子中可以充當主語,賓語(表語),定語,狀語,和賓語補足語。
不定式充當主語常用形式主語it作形式主語,例如:It is very hard to finish the work in ten * means failure to lose your heart.不定式充當賓語一般表示短暫的或尚未發生的行為。例如:I like drinking tea in usual,but today I like to have a little * walking for a whole day, Tom only wanted to sleep.注意當不定式作賓語時如果有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,例:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.不定式作定語一般要后置,例如:①Allen is the best man to take this job.②He found a good house to live in.不定式作賓語補足語:在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,常見該類動詞有: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要to, 如:I saw him cross the * was seen to cross the road.此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如:With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.不定式作狀語通常有以下幾種用法:表目的:He worked day and night to get the money.注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:表結果:He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示強調:I visited him only to find him out.表原因:They were very sad to hear the news.表程度:It's too dark for us to see anything.作獨立成分:To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.注意①不定式的省略:保留to省略do動詞。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.②不定式的并列:第二個不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine and become a doctor分詞分詞在句子中可以充當定語,補語和狀語。
注意在區分使用現在還是過去分詞時,最簡潔有效的方法是看分詞與被修飾詞的關系。如果分詞的動作是被修飾詞發出的,就使用現在分詞;如果分詞的動作是被修飾詞承受的,就使用過去分詞。
例如:作狀語:①Listening to the music,Tom cleaned the house.(聽音樂的動作也是由Tom發出的)②Blamed by his father, the boy left home without words.(the boy是責罵的承受者)注意當動作由被修飾者發出但是分詞的動作與主句的動作有明顯時間差時,要使用現在分詞的完成時,例如:Having finished all the homework, Mary helped her mother with the housework.做完功課之后,瑪麗幫媽媽做家務。作定語和賓語補足語:The interesting boy makes people interested.這個有趣的小男孩讓人們很感興趣。
(boy是動作的發出者,所以用現在分詞修飾;people是承受者,所以用過去分詞修飾)The annoying noise made all students annoyed.惱人的噪音讓學生們都很惱火。(noise是動作的發出者,所以用現在分詞修飾;students是承受者,所以用過去分詞修飾)動詞現在分詞作賓補與不定式作賓補的區別見單詞總結。
二、初中英語非謂語動詞用法
有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別 1)forget to do 忘記要去做某事(此事未做) forget doing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發生) 2)stop to do 停止、中斷(某件事),目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或經常做的事 3)remember to do 記住去做某事(未做) remember doing記得做過某事(已做) 4) regret to do對要做的事遺憾 regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔 5)try to do努力、企圖做某事 try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法 6) mean to do打算,有意要… mean doing意味著 7)go on to do 繼而(去做另外一件事情) go on doing 繼續(原先沒有做完的事情) 8)propose to do 打算(要做某事) proposing doing建議(做某事) 9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為;+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念 (注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞,其后賓語只跟不定式,不能跟動名詞。
例如: I should like to see him tomorrow. 10) need, want, deserve +動名詞表被動意義;+不定式被動態表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。 Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎? You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要記著是明天動身。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔給她講過我的想法。(已講過) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做,我實在沒辦法。
(未做但要做) You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。 Let's try doing the work some other way.讓我們試一試用另外一種辦法來做這工作。
I didn't mean to hurt your feeling.我沒想要傷害你的感情。 This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了這種病(你)就要進醫院。
4.不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區別 (1)不定式作定語 1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關系 He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。 The train to arrive was from London.將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。
2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關系 Get him something to eat.給他拿點兒東西吃。 She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語,要加上適當的介詞和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系,這里的介詞不能省去。 I need a pen to write with.我需要一支筆寫字。
There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么值得發愁的。 4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權利等抽象名詞如: ability能力,本領 drive趕,駕駛 movement運動,活動 ambition抱負,野心 effort努力,嘗試 need需要,需求 campaign戰役,運動 failure失敗,不及格 opportunity機會 chance機會 force力,壓力,要點 promise許諾,希望 courage勇氣 intention意向,意圖 reason理由,原因 decision決定 method方法,方式 light光,光線,亮光 determination決心,決定 motive動機,目的 struggle奮斗,努力, tendency傾向,趨勢 wish希望,愿望,祝愿 5)被修飾的名詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高級或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定詞時候,只能用不定式。
6)不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習慣上用不定式做定語。 John will do anything but work on a farm.除了農活,約翰什么都愿意干。
7)如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語,或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補語,則相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如: tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true.他要買輛車的愿望實現了。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. 他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他總是第一個到來,最后一個離去。
(2)分詞作定語 分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點: 1)現在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞一般表示被動含意。 2)現在分詞表示正在進行,過去分詞表示狀態或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house.他沖進了正在燃燒著的房子。 The child standing over there is my brother.站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房間是我們的教室。 Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個修好的表了嗎? He is an advanced teacher.他是個先進教師。
3)下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語,但不具有被動意義,這點要注意: departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come (3)不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關系 一般來說,不定式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后;現在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生;過去分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。例如: Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要見那位將從北京請來的醫生嗎? Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫生嗎? 5.不定式和分詞作狀語的區別 (1)現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別。
現在。
三、初中英語填空題(非謂語動詞
* man doesn't konw what to do to stop his baby from crying中的to stop 是in order to stop(為了停止)的簡略形式,表示目的。
* sorry to do sth 對所做的某事感到遺憾 固定句型
*后面不可以加不定式 finish 后面只能加doing
*是相當的意思,bore是無聊的的意思,boring是令人無聊的意思,不用bored的原因是bored的意思是因什么東西而感到無聊。The book was rather boring,I'm bored.
5.答案是錯的,正確答案應該是to wait ,這也是in order to wait(為了等)的簡略形式,表示他們不得不每天站在那里是為了等公車。
四、【初中英語語法非謂語動詞】
簡單說有三種:to -ing,-ed 分別表示:未發生的動作,I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多事要做.ING表示正在進行或者主動動作,:現在分詞短語可以表示一個同時發生的次要的或伴隨的動作:Following Tom,we started to climb themountain.現在分詞短語還可以表示原因,相當于一個原因狀語從句:Not knowing her address,we couldn't get in touch withher.現在分詞短語還可以表示時間,相當于一個時間狀語從句:Hearing the news,they all jumped with *ing home,he began to do hishomework.過去分詞表示 完成的動作或者被動:Seen from the hill,the citylooks * good health,I hope to finish thework this year.作賓補:過去分詞也同樣可以作賓語的補語,接在某些動詞后面I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.希望對你有用。
五、求初中常用的不定式句式
常見動詞不定式詞組、句型用法總結 .固定用法(非謂語動詞):以下是帶to的動詞不定式常見搭配 ★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★決定做某事decide to do sth ★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth. ★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can't wait to do ★準備做某事get/be ready to do ★盡力/努力做某事try to do sth ★ 計劃做某事plan to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. ★輪流做某事take one's turns to do sth. ★拒絕做某事refuse to do sth. ★告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★請某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. ★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do ★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth. ★喜歡/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.★encourage sb to do鼓勵某人做 ★幫助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help * ★It's one's turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard. ★It's time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事時候了 例:It's time for me to go home. ★It's +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 對于某人來說做某事是…… 例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so. ★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某時間 例句: * takes me an hour to get to school by bike. * took me an hour to watch TV last night. * will take her two weeks to finish the work. ★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word. ★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.發現/認為/感到做某事是… I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well. ★序數詞+to do 第…..個做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there? ★我不知/忘記了怎么辦。
I didn't know/forgot what to do. ★離開房間時不要忘記/記住關燈 例句:Don't forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room ★be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you. 順口溜:本領最多不定式,主表定補賓和狀;樣樣成分都能干,只有謂語它不敢;大家千萬要小心,有時它把句型改;作主語時用it,自己在后把身藏;七個感官三使役,賓補要把to甩開;疑問詞后接上它,賓語從句可充當;邏輯主語不定式,不定式前加for sb.;to前not是否定,各種用法區別開。 以下是不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)的常見用法 ★ let sb. do sth讓某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事 ★ hear do sth do sth聽見某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看見某人做某事 ★why not/why don't you +動原?為什么不.?Why not/Why don't you take a walk? ★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事 ★情態動詞can/may /must /should+ 動詞原(包括情態動詞的否定形式+動詞原形) ★ 助動詞do/does/did/will/would在構成疑問句或者構成否定句即don't /doesn't /didn't /will not /would not+ 動詞原形 ★ be going to + 動詞原形(表示“即將”“打算” 做某事) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況 1.在進行時態中。
He is watching TV. They were dancing at nine o'clock last night. 2.在there be結構中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river. 3.在have fun/problems結構中。
如:We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain. 4.在介詞后面。如:Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball? What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么樣? I am interested in playing football. 5.在以下結構中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事; 2. finish doing sth; 完成做某事; * like doing sth 想要做某事; 4. stop doing sth 停止做某事(原來的事) * doing sth 忘記做過某事 6. go on doing sth 繼續做某事(原來的事);*er doing sth 記得做過某事 8. like doing sth 喜歡做某事; * /see/hear/watch sb doing發現/看到/聽到/觀看某人做 10. try doing sth 試圖做某事; 11. need doing sth 需要做某事; 12. prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事; * doing sth 介意做某事; 14. miss doing sth 錯過做某事; *ce doing sth 練習做某事; 16. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事;*'t help doing sth 禁不住做某事; * time/money doing 浪費時間/錢做; * * 讓…始終/一直做… 20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事 21. prefer doing A to doing B=like A better than B喜歡做B更喜歡做A 22. “do some +doing”短語 如:do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking 23.“go doing”短語去做某事(主要指文娛活動等)如:go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing(滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打獵) .注意動詞的過去分詞的常見搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom。