1.高二非謂語動詞作為高二的學生,需要掌握那些關于非謂語動詞的知識
非謂語動詞又稱非限定動詞。
就是在句中不充當謂語的動詞。實際上就是動詞的幾種變換形式。
如:動名詞(doing),不定式(to do)和現在分詞( done)。在英語語法中,一個句子只能有一個作謂語的動詞,那么謂語之外的其他動作或狀態只能通過非謂語動詞或從句來實現。
非謂語動詞各自有其時態和語態的變化。如: 現在分詞 doing : 有being done(被動式) ; having done (完成式); having been done(完成被動式) 不定式 to do : 有to be done (被動式); to have done (完成式); to be doing(進行式) 動名詞 doing : 有having done(完成式); being done(被動式) ; 非謂語動詞的特點: 三種非謂語動詞都具有動詞的特征,雖然它們沒有人稱和數的變化,但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時跟賓語。
它們都有各自的特征:分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征; 動名詞具有名詞的特征;不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。具體來講:分詞在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或補足語等;動名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓 語、表語等;不定式在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、補足語或狀語。
2.高中英語非謂語動詞講解
一、非謂語動詞種類及句法功能(一)概述: 在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞,叫做非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞有動詞不定式(the Infinitive);動名詞(the Gerund);現在分詞(the Present Participle);過去分詞(the Past Participle)。 1.非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點有: (1)如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如: They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. (2)都可以被狀語修飾: The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. (3)都有主動與被動, “體”式(一般式;進行式;完成式)的變化。
例如: He was punished by his parents.(謂語動詞被動語態) He avoided being punished by his parents.(動名詞的被動式) We have written the composition.(謂語動詞的完成時) Having written the composition, we handed it in.(現在分詞的完成式) (4)都可以有邏輯主語 They started the work at once.(謂語動詞的邏輯主語) The boss ordered them to start the work.(動詞不定式的邏輯主語) We are League members.(謂語動詞的主語) We being League member, the work was well done.(現在分詞的邏輯主語)2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點有:(1)非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用(如動詞不定式和動名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。(2)非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。
(3)非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。(二)非謂語動詞的句法功能:二、非謂語動詞用法:(一)動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以動詞write為例) 否定式:not + (to) do(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之后, 例如: I'm glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done. (2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如: The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. (3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如: I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend.2.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主語: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如上面兩句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart.(2)作表語: Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold.(3)作賓語: 常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如: I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English. (4)作賓語補足語: 在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema. 有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.(5)作定語:動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關系:①動賓關系: I have a meeting to attend. 注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如: He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with? 如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞: He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式: Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent?②說明所修飾名詞的內容: We have made a plan to finish the work.③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語: He is the first to get here.(6)作狀語:①表目的: He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致: wrong:To save money, every means has been tried. right:To save money, he has tr。
3.【高中英語有哪些句型比如說:主語+V````````等等】
語法要靠多背,高中和初中要學的語法歸結起來大致有:一、六種基本句型(主語+謂語動詞,主語+系動詞+表語,主語+謂語動詞+賓語,主語+謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語,主語+謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語) 三、代詞 四、數詞 五、冠詞 六、動詞的時態 七、非謂語動詞 八、動詞的被動結構 九、情態動詞 十、形容詞與副詞 十一、介詞 十二、主謂一致 十三、簡單句(陳述句,疑問句,祈使句,感嘆句) 十四、復合句(名詞性從句,狀語從句,定語從句) 以上是大致的要點,還有很多的細節,建議你去買一本專門的關于高中語法的書,定有很詳細的解答!語法要精通也并非容易的事情喔~加油吧!(這些都是必須掌握的,是基礎,以后用處大著的呢)。
4.高中英語非謂語動詞怎么學習
非謂語動詞 開放分類: 英語、語法在句子中充當除謂語以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞(the Non-Finite Verbs)。
非謂語動詞有三種:不定式(the Infinites)、動名詞(the Gerunds)和分詞(the Participles)。 1.非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點有: (1)如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如: They built a garden。
They suggested building a garden。 (2)都可以被狀語修飾: The suit fits him very well。
The suit used to fit him very well。 (3)都有主動與被動, “體”式(一般式;進行式;完成式)的變化。
例如: He was punished by his parents。(謂語動詞被動語態) He avoided being punished by his parents。
(動名詞的被動式) We have written the composition。(謂語動詞的完成時) Having written the composition, we handed it in。
(現在分詞的完成式) (4)都可以有邏輯主語 They started the work at once。 (謂語動詞的邏輯主語) The boss ordered them to start the work。
(動詞不定式的邏輯主語) We are League members。(謂語動詞的主語) We being League member, the work was well done。
(現在分詞的邏輯主語) 2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點有: (1)非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用(如動詞不定式和動名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。 (2)非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。
(3)非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。 (二)非謂語動詞的句法功能: 二、非謂語動詞用法: (一)動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以動詞write為例) 否定式:not + (to) do (1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之后, 例如: I'm glad to meet you。 He seems to know a lot。
We plan to pay a visit。 He wants to be an artist。
The patient asked to be operated on at once。 The teacher ordered the work to be done。
(2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如: The boy pretended to be working hard。 He seems to be reading in his room。
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如: I regretted to have told a lie。 I happened to have seen the film。
He is pleased to have met his friend。 2.不定式的句法功能: (1)作主語: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard。
To lose your heart means failure。 動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如上面兩句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes。
It means failure to lose your heart。 (2)作表語: Her job is to clean the hall。
He appears to have caught a cold。 (3)作賓語: 常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如: Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia。
動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如: I have no choice but to stay here。 He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike。
動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English。 (4)作賓語補足語: 在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite。
此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema. 有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road。 He was seen to cross the road。
(5)作定語: 動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關系: ①動賓關系: I have a meeting to attend。
注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如: He found a good house to live in。 The child has nothing to worry about。
What did you open it with? 如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞: He has no place to live。 This is the best way to work out this problem。
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式: Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent? ②說明所修飾名詞的內容: We have made a plan to finish the work。 ③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語: He is the first to get here。
(6)作狀語: ①表目的: He worked day and night to get the money。 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain。
注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致: wrong:To save money, every means has been tried。 right:To save money, he has tried every means。
wrong:To learn English 。
5.高中英語非謂語動詞用法
有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別1)forgettodo忘記要去做某事(此事未做)forgetdoing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發生)2)stoptodo停止、中斷(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或經常做的事3)remembertodo記住去做某事(未做)rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)4)regrettodo對要做的事遺憾regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔5)trytodo努力、企圖做某事trydoing試驗、試一試某種辦法6)meantodo打算,有意要…meandoing意味著7)goontodo繼而(去做另外一件事情)goondoing繼續(原先沒有做完的事情)8)proposetodo打算(要做某事)proposingdoing建議(做某事)9)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具體行為;+doingsth表示抽象、傾向概念(注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞,其后賓語只跟不定式,不能跟動名詞。
例如:Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow。10)need,want,deserve+動名詞表被動意義;+不定式被動態表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?Youmustremembertoleavetomorrow。 你可要記著是明天動身。
Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought。我不后悔給她講過我的想法。
(已講過)Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice。我很遺憾必須這樣去做,我實在沒辦法。
(未做但要做)Youmusttrytobemorecareful。你可要多加小心。
Let'strydoingtheworksomeotherway。讓我們試一試用另外一種辦法來做這工作。
Ididn'tmeantohurtyourfeeling。 我沒想要傷害你的感情。
Thisillnesswillmean(your)goingtohospital。得了這種病(你)就要進醫院。
4。不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區別(1)不定式作定語1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關系Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday。
昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。ThetraintoarrivewasfromLondon。
將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關系Gethimsomethingtoeat。
給他拿點兒東西吃。Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning。
早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語,要加上適當的介詞和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系,這里的介詞不能省去。
Ineedapentowritewith。我需要一支筆寫字。
Thereisnothingtoworryabout。 沒有什么值得發愁的。
4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權利等抽象名詞如:ability能力,本領drive趕,駕駛movement運動,活動ambition抱負,野心effort努力,嘗試need需要,需求campaign戰役,運動failure失敗,不及格opportunity機會chance機會force力,壓力,要點promise許諾,希望courage勇氣intention意向,意圖reason理由,原因decision決定method方法,方式light光,光線,亮光determination決心,決定motive動機,目的struggle奮斗,努力,tendency傾向,趨勢wish希望,愿望,祝愿5)被修飾的名詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高級或next,second,last,only和nota,the等限定詞時候,只能用不定式。 6)不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,alot等習慣上用不定式做定語。
Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm。除了農活,約翰什么都愿意干。
7)如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語,或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補語,則相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。 如:tendtodo---tendencytodo;decidetodo=decisiontodo;becurioustodo=curiositytodoHiswishtobuyacarcametrue。
他要買輛車的愿望實現了。Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus。
他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave。
他總是第一個到來,最后一個離去。(2)分詞作定語分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點:1)現在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞一般表示被動含意。
2)現在分詞表示正在進行,過去分詞表示狀態或做完(完成)的事。Herushedintotheburninghouse。
他沖進了正在燃燒著的房子。Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother。
站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。 Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom。
朝南的房間是我們的教室。Haveyougotyourwatchrepaired?你拿到那個修好的表了嗎?Heisanadvancedteacher。
他是個先進教師。3)下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語,但不具有被動意義,這點要注意:departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-traveled,newly-arrived,recently-come(3)不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關系一般來說,不定式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后;現在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生;過去分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。
例如:DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?你要見那位將從北京請來的醫生嗎?Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫生嗎?5。 不定式和分詞作狀語的區別(1)現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別。
現在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區別。1)現在分詞作。
6.整理高中高二非謂語動詞語法,并用例句說明
英語非謂語動詞講解及練習 非謂語動詞是指分詞(包括現在分詞和過去分詞)、不定式、動名詞等三種形式,即: doing , done , to do , doing 。
當然它們有各自不同的變化形式,如: 現在分詞 doing : 有being done(被動式) ; having done (完成式); having been do ne (完成被動式) 不定式 to do : 有to be done (被動式); to have done (完成式); to be doing(進行式) 動名詞 doing : 有having done(完成式); being done(被動式) ; 非謂語動詞的特點: 三種非謂語動詞都具有動詞的特征,雖然它們沒有人稱和數的變化,但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時跟賓語。它們都有各自的特征:分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征;動名詞具有名詞的特征;不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。
具體來講:分詞在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或補足語等;動名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語等;不定式在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、補足語或狀語。 下面分別對三種非謂語動詞進行講解: 一. 動詞不定式 先看幾個例句,判斷不定式在句中的成分。
* learn a foreign language is difficult . 2. His wish is to be a driver . * wanted to have a cup of beer . * teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5.I have nothing to say . * went to see their aunt . *'s easy to see their aunt. 8.I don't know what to do next . 9.I heard them make a noise . 說明:1.動詞不定式作主語, 2.動詞不定式作表語,3.動詞不定式作賓語,4.動詞不定式作賓語補足語,5.動詞不定式作定語,6.動詞不定式作目的狀語,7.動詞不定式作真正主語,it 代替動詞不定式,作形式主語。8.帶有連接代詞的動詞不定式作賓語,9.不帶to 的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
掌握動詞不定式應注意的幾個問題: 1. “to” 是不定式符號還是介詞,下列短語中的to 都是介詞。 agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to 2. 帶to 還是不帶to I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom . ( 但是: He was seen to enter the classroom .) 3. 動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for 作為標記的。
但是有時用of . It's necessary for you to study hard . It's foolish of him to do it . 與of 連用的形容詞有: good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4.后接不定式作賓語的動詞有: want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc. 需要賓語補足語的動詞不能用動詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語,而要用it做形式賓語。例如:通常不說We think to obey the laws is important . 而說We think it important to obey the laws . 5.不定式的省略。
下列短語中,如果意義明確,常常省略到to 。 want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6.不定式作定語,應注意兩種關系: 1)動賓關系: He has a lot of meeting to attend . Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in . He has no money and no place to live ( in ) . I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot . There is no time to think ( about ) . 2)主謂關系: She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . ----I'm going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 邏輯主語是I ) -------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 邏輯主語不是I ) 7.不定式作狀語,可以有以下幾種意義: 1) 原因 He is lucky to get here on time . 這種結構中常用的形容詞有: happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2) 目的 He came to help me with my maths . 3) 結果 I hurried to get there only to find him out . The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school . 8 . 不定式作補足語 I saw him play in the street just now . 能跟不帶to 的不定式作補足語的動詞有: see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 當這些詞為被動式時,不定式要帶to , 如: He was seen to play in the street just now. 二.動名詞 Learning English is very difficult . 學英語非常困難。
His job is driving a bus . 他的工作是開車。 I enjoy dancing . 我喜歡跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country . 我已經習慣了住農村。 Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep . 吃點安眠藥,你很快就會入睡。
注意以下幾種結構: *'s no telling what will happen . =It's impossible to tell what will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . *'s no use talking with him . It's no 。
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