1.英文論文文獻綜述格式和寫法
英語畢業論文文獻綜述好寫的,根據題目寫相關學者的總結,開始我也不會,還是師姐介紹的莫文網,專業的就是不一樣,很快就幫忙完成了 對大學英語翻譯教學若干問題的思考 應用英語翻譯呼喚理論指導 大學英語翻譯教學:現狀與對策 國內商務英語翻譯研究綜述 商務英語翻譯中存在的問題與對策 順應理論視角下科技英語翻譯切雅實證分析 經濟一體化環境下的商務英語翻譯教學 新世紀十年來商務英語翻譯研究:回顧與前瞻 語用觀視角下的中醫英語翻譯教學實證研究 翻譯——找到源語的所指——對規劃教材《商務英語翻譯》誤譯譯例的批判研究 從功能對等角度看商務英語翻譯 高校科技英語翻譯課程設置探討 科技英語漢譯的英語翻譯技巧研究——以船舶英語文本中的漢譯為例 功能對等視角下的科技英語翻譯 論商務英語翻譯的4Es標準 大學英語翻譯教學存在的問題與對策 關聯理論在科技英語翻譯中的應用——以Climate Change and Peak Oil文本的翻譯為例 功能對等理論指導下的商務英語翻譯 大學英語翻譯教學:問題與對策 英語翻譯專業本科生的筆譯能力調查分析——以某師范大學英語翻譯專業為例 中國職業籃球俱樂部體育英語翻譯人員現狀及發展對策研究 從目的論的角度下看商務英語翻譯 論高職商務英語翻譯教學中學生跨文化交際意識的培養 試論近代國人英語翻譯 任務型教學法在《商務英語翻譯》教學中的運用 商務英語翻譯與文化信息等值研究 大學英語翻譯教學教材編寫探討——以《新時代交互英語(讀寫譯1-4冊)》為例 東西方文化差異對商務英語翻譯的影響 順序分析在科技英語翻譯中的應用——以翻譯項目《大氣污染排放系數手冊》為案例 從關聯理論分析法律英語翻譯中的文化差異及其翻譯補償 商務英語翻譯原則探討 跨文化因素對商務英語翻譯的影響及調整策略。
2.英語專業文學方面 文獻綜述范文
文學太寬泛了,你必須一點點的把你的論文論述的觀點縮小,不然你寫什么都不知道。
1. 去圖書館找所有與 湯姆叔叔的小屋 相關的所有英文資料,甚至是原文讀本序言之類,也有你可以借鑒的句子。
2. 去電子閱覽室,搜索所有與 湯姆叔叔的小屋 相關的論文評論,找到你覺得有用的拷下來。
3. 到網上搜索下相關詞條,如wiki百科的英文相關詞條
4. 最好瀏覽一遍原文,看不懂的話中英文對照本也行。
~ 實例,首先是開頭,小說介紹性文字:
Uncle Tom's Cabin, appeared in book form in 1852, is one of the most unusual books of American literature. Edmund Wilson wrote in an important reassessment in 1962 that Stowe's work is comparable to that of Dickens and Zola (as readers in her own day recognized); and the novel has often been read in Europe, both in the original and in numerous translations, as the masterpiece of social realism George Sand, George Eliot, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Hugo, and Heine found it to be (Wilson, 1962:3-58). (可以寫個一兩段)
然后,就你找到的文獻,歸類一下,分別說說他們講了什么論點(順便記下人名,書名,年份,頁數)
最后,說說你將在自己論文里闡述的觀點,The paper will mainly focus on 。
3.英語論文文獻綜述(開題報告)怎么寫
"The language is the carrier of culture, in different languages, and different cultural background, each word in the literal meaning, and rich cultural connotation. Due to custom, history, thinking mode, the religious belief and other aspects of the cultural factors, chinese-english two languages give many animal words in their particular cultural connotation, the development of their respective culture reflects the cultural difference. From the linguistics and contrastive linguistics Angle to analyze the contrast of languages in the cultural connotation of animal words similarities and differences of language learning. This will help with examples from the same animal words of the same meaning, the same represent different animal words, different animal words of the same meaning, representing Chinese unique animal words meaning to discuss these four aspects of lexical meanings of Chinese animal similarities and differences of animal words. Through the cultural significance of the study, can not only reveals and avoid the pragmatic failures in different cultures, and the comparison with the import has certain theoretical and practical meaning. By comparison, people can feel more clearly in animal words in Chinese cultural history of cultural differences, thus helping people, properly intercultural communication("語言是文化的載體,在不同語言和不同文化背景下,每個詞除了具有字面意義外,還有豐富的文化內涵.由于受風俗、歷史、思維方式、宗教信仰等諸方面文化因素的影響,漢英兩種語言賦予許多動物詞匯以各自特定的文化內涵,分別反映了各自文化發展的差異.從文化語言學和對比語言學的角度來分析對比中英兩種語言中動物詞的文化內涵之異同會有助于語言學習.本文結合實例從同一動物詞匯代表相同的意義,同一動物詞匯代表不同的意義,不同的動物詞匯代表相同的意義,英漢特有的動物詞涵義這四個方面來討論英漢動物詞匯涵義的相同點和不同點.通過對動物詞匯文化意義的揭示和研究,不僅可以避免交際中的語用失誤,而且對于不同文化的比較與導入有一定的理論和實踐意義.通過比較,人們可以更清楚地感受到英漢文化在動物詞語上留下的歷史文化差異,從而幫助人們順利、恰當地進行跨文化交流.).。
4.急求英語諺語文獻綜述范文
1) A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善終。
2) A bad thing never dies. 遺臭萬年。 3) A bad workman always blames his tools. 不會撐船怪河彎。
4) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 一鳥在手勝過雙鳥在林。 5) A boaster and a liar are cousins-german. 吹牛與說謊本是同宗。
6) A bully is always a coward. 色厲內荏。 7) A burden of one's choice is not felt. 愛挑的擔子不嫌重。
8) A candle lights others and consumes itself. 蠟燭照亮別人,卻毀滅了自己。 9) A cat has 9 lives. 貓有九條命。
10) A cat may look at a king. 人人平等。 11) A close mouth catches no flies. 病從口入。
12) A constant guest is never welcome. 常客令人厭。 13) Actions speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯。
14) Adversity leads to prosperity. 窮則思變。 15) Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。
16) A fair death honors the whole life. 死得其所,流芳百世。 17) A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音難覓。
18) A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一塹,長一智。 19) A fox may grow gray, but never good. 江山易改,本性難移。
20) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。 21) A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友難,失朋友易。
22) A friend is never known till a man has need. 需要之時方知友。 23) A friend without faults will never be found. 沒有十全十美的朋友。
24) "After you" is good manners. “您先請”是禮貌。 25) A good beginning is half done. 良好的開端是成功的一半。
26) A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善終。 27) A good book is a good friend. 好書如摯友。
28) A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好書,相伴一生。 29) A good conscience is a soft pillow. 不做虧心事,不怕鬼叫門。
30) A good fame is better than a good face. 美名勝過美貌。 31) A good husband makes a good wife. 夫善則妻賢。
32) A good medicine tastes bitter. 良藥苦口。 33) A good wife health is a man's best wealth. 妻賢身體好是男人最大的財富。
34) A great talker is a great liar. 說大話者多謊言。 35) A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。
36) A joke never gains an enemy but loses a friend. 戲謔不能化敵為友,只能使人失去朋友。 37) A leopard cannot change its spots. 積習難改。
38) A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 說謊者即使講真話也沒人相信。 39) A light heart lives long. 靜以修身。
40) A little body often harbors a great soul. 濃縮的都是精品。 41) A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解,自欺欺人。
42) A little pot is soon hot. 狗肚子盛不得四兩油。 43) All are brave when the enemy flies. 敵人逃竄時,人人都成了勇士。
44) All good things come to an end. 天下沒有不散的筵席。 45) All rivers run into sea. 海納百川。
46) All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。 47) All that ends well is well. 結果好,就一切都好。
48) All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的不一定都是金子。 49) All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事總是由難而易。
50) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只會用功不玩耍,聰明孩子也變傻 51) A man becomes learned by asking questions. 不恥下問才能有學問。 52) A man can do no more than he can. 凡事都應量力而行。
53) A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不能二用。 54) A man is known by his friends. 什么人交什么朋友。
55) A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds. 光說空話不做事,猶如花園光長刺。 56) A man without money is no man at all. 一分錢難倒英雄漢。
57) A merry heart goes all the way. 心曠神怡,事事順利。 58) A miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘,差之千里。
59) A mother's love never changes. 母愛永恒。 60) An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一蘋果,不用請醫生。
61) A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。 62) An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. 以眼還眼,以牙還牙。
63) An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之計在于晨。 64) An old dog cannot learn new tricks. 老狗學不出新把戲。
65) An ounce of luck is better than a pound of wisdom. 聰明才智,不如運氣。 66) An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 預防為主,治療為輔。
67) A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滾石不生苔,轉業不聚財。 68) As a man sows, so he shall reap. 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。
69) A single flower does not make a spring. 一花獨放不是春,百花齊放春滿園。 70) A snow year, a rich year. 瑞雪兆豐年。
71) A sound mind in a sound body. 健全的精神寓于健康的身體。 72) A still tongue makes a wise head. 寡言者智。
73) A stitch in time saves nine. 小洞不補,大洞吃苦。 74) A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe. 身正不怕影子斜。
75) A wise head makes a close mouth. 真人不露相,露相非真人。 76) A word 。
5.急求英語諺語文獻綜述范文
1) A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善終。
2) A bad thing never dies. 遺臭萬年。 3) A bad workman always blames his tools. 不會撐船怪河彎。
4) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 一鳥在手勝過雙鳥在林。 5) A boaster and a liar are cousins-german. 吹牛與說謊本是同宗。
6) A bully is always a coward. 色厲內荏。 7) A burden of one's choice is not felt. 愛挑的擔子不嫌重。
8) A candle lights others and consumes itself. 蠟燭照亮別人,卻毀滅了自己。 9) A cat has 9 lives. 貓有九條命。
10) A cat may look at a king. 人人平等。 11) A close mouth catches no flies. 病從口入。
12) A constant guest is never welcome. 常客令人厭。 13) Actions speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯。
14) Adversity leads to prosperity. 窮則思變。 15) Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。
16) A fair death honors the whole life. 死得其所,流芳百世。 17) A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音難覓。
18) A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一塹,長一智。 19) A fox may grow gray, but never good. 江山易改,本性難移。
20) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。 21) A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友難,失朋友易。
22) A friend is never known till a man has need. 需要之時方知友。 23) A friend without faults will never be found. 沒有十全十美的朋友。
24) "After you" is good manners. “您先請”是禮貌。 25) A good beginning is half done. 良好的開端是成功的一半。
26) A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善終。 27) A good book is a good friend. 好書如摯友。
28) A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好書,相伴一生。 29) A good conscience is a soft pillow. 不做虧心事,不怕鬼叫門。
30) A good fame is better than a good face. 美名勝過美貌。 31) A good husband makes a good wife. 夫善則妻賢。
32) A good medicine tastes bitter. 良藥苦口。 33) A good wife health is a man's best wealth. 妻賢身體好是男人最大的財富。
34) A great talker is a great liar. 說大話者多謊言。 35) A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。
36) A joke never gains an enemy but loses a friend. 戲謔不能化敵為友,只能使人失去朋友。 37) A leopard cannot change its spots. 積習難改。
38) A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 說謊者即使講真話也沒人相信。 39) A light heart lives long. 靜以修身。
40) A little body often harbors a great soul. 濃縮的都是精品。 41) A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解,自欺欺人。
42) A little pot is soon hot. 狗肚子盛不得四兩油。 43) All are brave when the enemy flies. 敵人逃竄時,人人都成了勇士。
44) All good things come to an end. 天下沒有不散的筵席。 45) All rivers run into sea. 海納百川。
46) All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。 47) All that ends well is well. 結果好,就一切都好。
48) All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的不一定都是金子。 49) All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事總是由難而易。
50) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只會用功不玩耍,聰明孩子也變傻 51) A man becomes learned by asking questions. 不恥下問才能有學問。 52) A man can do no more than he can. 凡事都應量力而行。
53) A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不能二用。 54) A man is known by his friends. 什么人交什么朋友。
55) A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds. 光說空話不做事,猶如花園光長刺。 56) A man without money is no man at all. 一分錢難倒英雄漢。
57) A merry heart goes all the way. 心曠神怡,事事順利。 58) A miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘,差之千里。
59) A mother's love never changes. 母愛永恒。 60) An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一蘋果,不用請醫生。
61) A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。 62) An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. 以眼還眼,以牙還牙。
63) An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之計在于晨。 64) An old dog cannot learn new tricks. 老狗學不出新把戲。
65) An ounce of luck is better than a pound of wisdom. 聰明才智,不如運氣。 66) An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 預防為主,治療為輔。
67) A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滾石不生苔,轉業不聚財。 68) As a man sows, so he shall reap. 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。
69) A single flower does not make a spring. 一花獨放不是春,百花齊放春滿園。 70) A snow year, a rich year. 瑞雪兆豐年。
71) A sound mind in a sound body. 健全的精神寓于健康的身體。 72) A still tongue makes a wise head. 寡言者智。
73) A stitch in time saves nine. 小洞不補,大洞吃苦。 74) A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe. 身正不怕影子斜。
75) A wise head makes a close mouth. 真人不露相,露相非真人。 76) A word sp。
6.高分急求
The world of cultural goods and cultural services in increasing demand, and promote Chinese culture to the world, it is bound to speed up trade between Chinese and foreign cultures and exchanges. In order to promote Chinese cultural products and services of "going out", the paper trade of Chinese culture and international cultural trade background were compared, in theory, of doing an in-depth, in-depth analysis of the export trade of Chinese cultural status quo, including the distribution of the exporting country the structure of inequality, such as with the trade deficit. And to promote the export of Chinese culture, policies and measures, which trade on the development of Chinese culture, in particular to promote the export of Chinese culture has a strong guiding significance. Firstly, help to understand Chinese foreign trade development and cultural status quo, and help to promote the development of Chinese tertiary industry, increase the accumulation of national wealth. Again, for the external trade of culture is conducive to the spread of Chinese culture and promote world understanding of China. Thirdly, the study of cultural relations with foreign trade measures will help to develop the added value of cultural products, the expansion of Chinese foreign trade and exports, and promote export-oriented economic development.
Keywords Culture exporting Construction Deficit Policies and measures
7.英文論文中正文用寫文獻綜述
如何寫英語文獻綜述 文獻綜述(Literautre Review)是科研論文中重要的文體之一。
它以作者對各種文獻資料的整理、歸納、分析和比較為基礎,就某個專題的歷史背景、前人的工作、研究現狀、爭論的焦點及發展前景等方面進行綜合、總結和評論。 通過閱讀文獻綜述,科研工作者可花費較少的時間獲得較多的關于某一專題系統而具體的信息,了解其研究現狀、存在的問題和未來的發展方向。
因此,它的學術水平和價值受到特別的重視。文獻綜述往往被收集在專業期刊的Review欄目中,常見的有Survey, Advances, Progress, Recent Advances,Update 和Annual Review等。
根據寫作目的和內容的側重點,文獻綜述大致可以分為動態性綜述(developmental review)、成就性綜述(result review)和爭鳴性綜述(contentious review)。按時間來劃分,文獻綜述又可分為回顧性綜述(retrospective review)和前瞻性綜述(prospective review)。
根據作者的參與情況,文獻綜述還可分為歸納性綜述(inductive review)和評論性綜述(critical review)。文獻綜述的分類并非絕對,在實際寫作中,往往是各種類型綜合在一起。
一篇結構完整的文獻綜述應由六個部分組成:標題與作者(title and author)、摘要與關鍵詞(abstract and key words)、引言(introduction)、述評(review)、結論(conclusion)和參考文獻(references)。 與研究論文相比,文獻綜述的篇章結構比較自由,但其中最為核心的部分是引言、述評和結論。
下面將分別介紹這幾個部分的特點及其寫作方法。 2。
1 引言(Introduction) 引言是文獻綜述正文的開始部分,主要包括兩個內容:一是提出問題;二是介紹綜述的范圍和內容。 提出問題時,作者要給出定義性解釋、交代研究背景、簡單介紹不同文獻的看法和分歧所在并介紹該文獻的寫作目的;介紹該綜述的范圍和主要內容時,作者應使用簡明扼要的語句加以概括。
引言部分通常為200~300詞。 引言的內容和結構具有以下特點: (1)綜述的引言通常包括定義性解釋、研究背景、現存問題或分歧、綜述的目的、內容和范圍; (2)使用一般現在時介紹背景知識,使用現在完成時敘述他人成果,使用一般將來時或一般現在時簡介本文內容; (3)句子結構力求簡潔明了,多用簡單句,并列成份較為常見; (4)以第三人稱主語為主,間或使用第一人稱復數充當主語。
要將引言的內容清楚地用英文表述出來,常常需要借助以下的語言形式: (1)表定義或解釋 ①??被定義為??: ?is defined as?/ ?has been defined as?②所謂??是指??: By?is meant?/ By?we mean? ③??指的是??: ?refers to? ④??包括??: ?includes? ⑤??有??種類型: 。 。
is / can be classified into?; There are ?kinds of? ⑥我們知道,??是一種??的常見病: ?is a common disease that?; ?is known to be a common disease that? (2)表現狀和分歧 ①據發現/ 報道/ 證實??:It has been found/reported/proved that? ②普遍認為??:It is generally recognized / agreed/ accepted that? ③一般認為??:It is thought / regarded/ considered that? ④??依然是一個尚待解決的問題:?remains an unsolved problem。
⑤關于??目前有兩種解釋: Two theories have been postulated to explain? ⑥第一種理論認為??, 而第二種理論則認為??: The first theory proposes that?, whereas the second theory proposes that? ⑦一些文獻報道??;而另一些人持不同觀點: Some papers have reported that?; however, other groups have disputed these findings。 ⑧ 最初的一些研究支持這種看法: Several initial studies seemed to support this concept。
(3)表內容和目的 ①本綜述的目的是??:The purpose / aim / object of this reviewis to? ②本文綜述了有關文獻:The pertinent literature is reviewed。 ③本文綜述了??:This article reviews?/We review? ④本文將重點討論??:This review will concentrate on? ⑤下面本文就??作一簡單綜述:In the following, a brief review is given of / about? ⑥本篇綜述的目的是著重闡述??:In this review, we aim to highlight? ⑦ 我們將回顧有關??的研究:We will review published studies on? ⑧我們將重點回顧??:We will focus on? ⑨本文主要闡述??:This review focuses on? ⑩本文就??作一綜述: The following paper reviews? ⑾本文并非旨在說服讀者??:No attempt will be made to convince the reader that? 2。
2 述評(Review) 述評是文獻綜述的核心所在,是對引言的展開和深入。根據引言所提出的問題和限定的范圍,作者要對大量有關文獻進行系統的整理、歸納、對比和分析,在此基礎上列出與主題有關的所有重要學術觀點,然后分別加以論述,以便讀者獲得全面的了解。
動態性綜述在論述觀點時,通常由一般到具體、由過去到最近、由他人觀點到自己看法。引述文獻時,只介紹主要研究成果和結論性意見,對于研究的材料、方法和過程則不必詳述,但成就性綜述在介紹創新點時則應多加論述。
對于爭鳴性綜述中尚無定論和存在分歧。
8.英語專業文學論文文獻綜述怎么寫
文獻綜述是對某一方面的專題搜集大量情報資料后經綜合分析而寫成的一種學術論文, 它是科學文獻的一種。
格式與寫法
文獻綜述的格式與一般研究性論文的格式有所不同。這是因為研究性的論文注重研究的方法和結果,特別是陽性結果,而文獻綜述要求向讀者介紹與主題有關的詳細資料、動態、進展、展望以及對以上方面的評述。因此文獻綜述的格式相對多樣,但總的來說,一般都包含以下四部分:即前言、主題、總結和參考文獻。撰寫文獻綜述時可按這四部分擬寫提綱,在根據提綱進行撰寫工。
前言部分,主要是說明寫作的目的,介紹有關的概念及定義以及綜述的范圍,扼要說明有關主題的現狀或爭論焦點,使讀者對全文要敘述的問題有一個初步的輪廓。
主題部分,是綜述的主體,其寫法多樣,沒有固定的格式。可按年代順序綜述,也可按不同的問題進行綜述,還可按不同的觀點進行比較綜述,不管用那一種格式綜述,都要將所搜集到的文獻資料歸納、整理及分析比較,闡明有關主題的歷史背景、現狀和發展方向,以及對這些問題的評述,主題部分應特別注意代表性強、具有科學性和創造性的文獻引用和評述。
總結部分,與研究性論文的小結有些類似,將全文主題進行扼要總結,對所綜述的主題有研究的作者,最好能提出自己的見解。 參考文獻雖然放在文末,但卻是文獻綜述的重要組成部分。因為它不僅表示對被引用文獻作者的尊重及引用文獻的依據,而且為讀者深入探討有關問題提供了文獻查找線索。因此,應認真對待。參考文獻的編排應條目清楚,查找方便,內容準確無誤。關于參考文獻的使用方法,錄著項目及格式與研究論文相同,不再重復。
9.高分急求
The world of cultural goods and cultural services in increasing demand, and promote Chinese culture to the world, it is bound to speed up trade between Chinese and foreign cultures and exchanges. In order to promote Chinese cultural products and services of "going out", the paper trade of Chinese culture and international cultural trade background were compared, in theory, of doing an in-depth, in-depth analysis of the export trade of Chinese cultural status quo, including the distribution of the exporting country the structure of inequality, such as with the trade deficit. And to promote the export of Chinese culture, policies and measures, which trade on the development of Chinese culture, in particular to promote the export of Chinese culture has a strong guiding significance. Firstly, help to understand Chinese foreign trade development and cultural status quo, and help to promote the development of Chinese tertiary industry, increase the accumulation of national wealth. Again, for the external trade of culture is conducive to the spread of Chinese culture and promote world understanding of China. Thirdly, the study of cultural relations with foreign trade measures will help to develop the added value of cultural products, the expansion of Chinese foreign trade and exports, and promote export-oriented economic development. Keywords Culture exporting Construction Deficit Policies and measures。
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