prepare是延續性動詞還是短暫性動詞
prepare是延續性動詞。
一、延續性動詞和終止性動詞的概念 英語中,動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短,可分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。 延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作,這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。
如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續的動作,這種動作發生后立即結束。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 二、延續性動詞的用法特征 1.延續性動詞可以用于現在完成時,其完成時態可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。
表示"段時間"的短語有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。
2.延續性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續性動詞,而at eight表示"點時間",前后顯然矛盾。
如果用延續性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如: -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 三、終止性動詞的用法特征 1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現在完成時。
如: The train has arrived.火車到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎? 2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。
因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如: (1)他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago. 正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died. (2)他來這兒五天了。 誤:He has come here for five days. 正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago. 正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。
那么,應如何正確表達呢?可以采用下面的四種方法: (1)將句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段時間+since。
"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。 (4)用句型"時間+has passed+since。
"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。 3.終止性動詞可用于現在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續的狀態,因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
如: He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till 。"的句型,意為"直到……才……"。
如: You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。
5.終止性動詞可以用于when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。
而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。如: When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語) 6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。
如: 誤:How long have you come here? 正:How long have you been here? 正:When did you come here?。
prepare各種詞組用法
1 prepare v. 準備 ,預備
He is preparinghis speech for the meeting tomorrow. 他正準備明天集會的演說。 2 prepare for sth. 為……做準備 (此時作不及物動詞)
I was preparingfor bed when I heard a knock at the door.
我正準備睡覺時聽到有人敲門。
3 prepare sb. for sth. 為某人準備某事 (做及物動詞)
They preparedthemselves for the worst.
他們作了最壞的打算。
4 preparation n. 準備
He had made a preparation.
* prepared for /to do 準備著
We're prepared to do whatever we need to do . 我們已經準備好去做我們該做的了
*e against 準備應付(不好的事情)
Everything should be done in order to prepare against fire. 應該盡一切可能預防火災。 有一些是復制的詞典的。
“prepare”這個單詞的用法
prepare 是個常用動詞,也是一個多義詞。
它既可以作及物動詞用,也可作不及物動詞用。為了弄清它的用法,現將它的主要用法歸納如下,供同學們在學習中參考。
一 . prepare 作“準備;預備;籌備;制作;配制”解時,可用于以下場合: 1. prepare + 名詞或代詞。例如: He has prepared his lessons. 他已備好課了。
After arriving home, she began to make a fire and prepare supper. 到家以后,她開始生爐子,準備晚飯。 The chemist is preparing a medicine. 藥劑師正在配藥。
Corn is a very useful plant which can be prepared in many different ways. 玉米是一種非常有用的作物,可用許多不同的方法將其制作成食品。 2. prepare + 雙賓語(間接賓語和直接賓語)。
例如: Mother is preparing us a meal. = Mother is preparing a meal for us. 母親正在為我們做飯。 The secretary has prepared the president a long report. = The secretary has prepared a long report for the president. 秘書已為董事長準備好了一份長篇報告稿。
3. prepare + 動詞不定式短語。例如: They are busy preparing to go on vacation. 他們正忙著準備去度假。
After the discussion they prepared to write an article to air their views. 經過討論,他們準備寫一篇文章來提出自己的看法。 4. prepare + for (或 against )引起的短語。
例如: The students are busy preparing for the mid-term examination. 學生們正忙于為期中考試作準備。 The peasants are preparing against the drought. 農民們正在為抗干旱作準備。
注意: prepare against 用于為災害、意外不幸或不愉快事件作準備。 二 . prepare 作“使(人)作好準備;叫(人)作準備”解時,可用于下述場合: 1. prepare + sb + for sth .例如: He was preparing himself for the marathon race then. 他當時正在為參加馬拉松比賽而作準備。
The teacher prepared his students for the college entrance examination. 老師指導他的學生為大學入學考試作準備。 2. prepare + sb + 動詞不定式短語。
例如: He prepared himself to take out a license for a driver. 他為取得汽車駕駛執照作了準備。 The nurse is preparing the child to go to hospital. 保姆在為孩子住院作準備。
三 . 過去分詞 prepared 用于系表結構,意思為“為……做好準備;打算”,常用于以下句式: 1. be prepared + for (或 against )引起的短語。例如: They were prepared for the worst. 他們已準備好應付最壞的情況。
I knew there were problems, but I was not prepared for this. 我知道有些問題,但卻未防范這一點! 2. be prepared + 不定式短語。例如: They were prepared to go to work in the countryside. 他們準備到農村去工作。
I am not prepared to listen to all your weak excuses. 我不愿聽你那些不成借口的借口。 They were prepared to be friendly. 他們打算和好。
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