什么是現在分詞短語,過去分詞短語,和系動詞短語謝謝拉
過去分詞短語表達的是該動作是在謂語動作之前已經發生或完成,并且該動作與它的邏輯主語之間是被動關系。
現在分詞短語表達的是該動作與謂語動作同時進行,正在進行,而且該動作與他的邏輯主語之間是主動關系。 如作定語: The ground is covered with the fallen leaves. 地面被落葉覆蓋。
(樹葉已經掉到了地上,fall這一動作已經結束) The falling leaves look like butterflies. 樹上落下的葉子看起來象蝴蝶。(樹葉還在空中飄,還沒掉到地上,fall這一動作正在進行。)
英語中現在分詞短語是怎么構成的
簡單的說,現在分詞和過去分詞的用法區別主要在兩點:一是現在分詞表示主動的意義,過去分詞表示被動的意義。
例:(1)However,I am not interested in this subject at all。 (2)He has some interesting plan。
二是現在分詞所表示的動作未完成,過去分詞多表示的動作多已完成。 例:(1)Children in many developing countries lack basic medical care. (2)We spend less on health care than most other developed nation.。
【現在分詞】
1.作主語:通常被看作是單數不可數名詞,所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式.Driving fast is very *ng is my favourite *ng is an *g the bad news made him cry.注意:現在分詞作主語時,和動詞不定式一樣,當它是較長的短語時,常常用it作形式主語,而把現在分詞放到句末.如:It's nice spending the holiday at the *'s tiring working late.現在分詞作主語時的常用句型: a waste of time no good/no use?It +be+ little/hardly any use + V-ing分詞 not/hardly worth worth/worthwhile如:It's no use *'s no good smoking a *'s a waste of time doing such a thing. no no sense in(沒有道理)?There +be+ no point in(毫無意義) +V-ing分詞 no use in Nothing worse than(沒有比。
更糟糕的)如:There was no knowing what he was * is no point (in) doing so.這么做,毫無意義.經常跟在it +be后面的形容詞,然后接動名詞作實際主語的形容詞還有:Odd古怪的Crazy瘋狂的Hopeless無望的NiceFunny好笑的Foolish愚蠢的interestingTiring累人的betterterribleEnjoyable愉快的Pointless無意義的2作表語:-ing分詞作表語多和系動詞be連用.注意:如果主語用了不定式,表語也要用不定式;同樣地,如果主語用的是-ing分詞,表語也應用-ing分詞.即,作主語和表語的動詞在形式上的一致.如:Seeing is believing=To see is to * favourite sport is * only hobby(愛好) is collecting stamps.☆注意:現在分詞作表語和動詞不定式作表語的區別在于:現在分詞表示習慣性動作;而不定式表示一次性的具體動作.如:My plan is to finish my homework before * favourite sport is swimming.3. 作賓語英語中,有相當一部分動詞后,只能接-ing分詞作賓語.這類動詞主要有:Admit承認adviseAnticipate期望做..Detest憎恨做。Defer推遲suggestEscape逃避做..Quit停止做..Deny否認Miss錯過Avoid避免做。
Tolerate忍受..Keep保持做。Appreciate感謝。
Practise練習..enjoyMind介意Consider考慮做Risk冒險做。Excuse原諒如:Excuse me interrupting you.I enjoy reading newspapers.I suggest you should practise speaking English every morning.注意:有一類動詞后即可跟不定式作賓語,也可跟-ing分詞作賓語.可以把這類動詞分為三種類型:1)兩種形式意義基本相同.2)兩種形式略有差別.3)意義完全不同.A)兩種形式意義基本相同的動詞有:attempt, begin, cease(停止), continue, intend, start, commence(開始).如:She started to cry/* do you intend to do/doing next?你打算接下來做什么?He continued to work/working.B)兩種形式意義略有差別的動詞主要有:hate, like, dislike, love, prefer等.如:I like playing basketball.I hate to trouble you.I prefer to go for a walk.I prefer singing songs.C)后跟不定式和-ing分詞時,意義完全不同的動詞有:remember, forget, regret., try, mean, chance(碰巧),cannot help。
等.它們后面跟不定式表示動作還未發生,而跟現在分詞表示動作已經發生.如:I regret to do this thing.I regret doing such a * to do 表示打算,意欲做某事:而mean doing表示“意味著,意思是”如:I mean/plan to buy a *ng means * to do表示碰巧做某事;而chance doing表示冒險做某事、碰運氣試著做某事He chanced to meet his old friend in the * chanced taking part in that * help to do表示不能幫忙做某事;Cannot help doing表示情不自禁,不由得做某事如:I cannot help to do homework for you.I cannot help laughing.4. 作介詞賓語除了我們已經談到的“疑問詞+不定式”可以作介詞賓語外.通常情況下,只能用-ing分詞作介詞的賓語.但個別表示“除了。之外”的介詞如“except, but, than”通常接不定式.如:I can do nothing except/but wait.后面跟-ing分詞作介詞賓語的短語結構主要有:A)“動詞+介詞+動名詞”I am used to sleeping on the floor.(習慣于。)
I am looking forward to meeting * rain stopped us from * objected to marrying him(反對)B)“形容詞+介詞+-ing分詞”I am interested in playing * is responsible for breaking the glass.C)"名詞+介詞+動名詞"There are many ways to do it/of doing * didn't go out for fear of raining.-ing分詞的慣用搭配有:A)主語+have+fun/pleasure/a good time/trouble/difficulty+(in) doing sth如:We had a lot of fun (in) playing basketball.I have trouble/difficulty(in) understanding him.B)“There is+difficulty/trouble/pleasure+(in) doing sth”如:There is difficulty in passing the * is trouble in learning a foreigh language.C)“be busy+(in) doing sth”I am busy in doing my homework.D) “What about/How about +-ing分詞”(征求意見句型。怎么樣)What/How about having a cup of tea?How about playing basketball with me?E)注意:有一類-ing分詞和go搭配,表示“去(干。)
”,這些分詞大多與休閑娛樂的戶外活。
現在進行時句型結構是什么
現在進行時表示現在(說話的瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作.所謂“正在進行中”,是指在談到這件事的時候,這個動作還在進行中.
構成 現在進行時的構成是:主語+be+*〔現在分詞〕形式
第一人稱單數I+am+V-ing.
第一人稱復數We+are+V-ing.
第二人稱單(復)數 You+are+V-ing
第三人稱單數 He(She,it)+is+V-ing
第三人稱復數 They+are+V-ing
肯定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+現在分詞
否定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+not+現在分詞
一般疑問句:be(is/am/are)+主語+現在分詞