1.現在分詞,過去分詞,舉例說明
一.分詞總介: 分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語動詞形式 現在分詞和過去分詞主要差別在于:現在分詞表示"主動和進行",過去分詞表示"被動和完成"(不及物動詞的過去分詞不表示被動,只表示完成).分詞可以有自己的狀語、賓語或邏輯主語等. 1、分詞作狀語分詞在句子中作狀語,可以表示時間、條件、原因、結果、讓步、伴隨等. 分詞(短語)作狀語時,其邏輯主語應與句中主語相一致..當現在分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前時, 則用現在分詞的完成式,且所表示動作與謂語動作同時發生, 則用現在分詞的一般式.完成或被動關系用過去分詞. (1)現在分詞The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. (2)過去分詞Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. 2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)+分詞"結構現在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時,有時可以在分詞前加while,when, once, although, until, if等連詞. When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work…… Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. 3、分詞作定語分詞作定語時,單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面.現在分詞修飾的是發出該動作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關系),過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(即與名詞是動賓關系). We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries 4、分詞作賓語補足語現在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動詞和look at, listen to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動詞后面與名詞或代詞構成復合賓語,作賓語補語的成分. 5、分詞作表語分詞作表語通常看作形容詞來用.現在分詞表示主語的性質,而且主語多為物;過去分詞表示主語的感受或狀態,主語多為人.一.現在分詞的用法: 1) 做表語: He was very amused. That book was rather boring. 很多動詞的現在分詞都可以作表語: exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2) 作定語: 上面所出現的現在分詞都可以用作定語, 修飾一個名詞: That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 現在分詞短語還可以放在名詞的后面修飾名詞, 相當于一個定語從句: There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3) 作狀語: 現在分詞短語可以表示一個同時發生的次要的或伴隨的動作: Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he took out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 現在分詞短語還可以表示原因, 相當于一個原因狀語從句: Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money. 現在分詞短語還可以表示時間, 相當于一個時間狀語從句: Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework. Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be careful when crossing the road. Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. Having finished her work, she went home. 4)作賓補: 現在分詞在一些動詞之后可以做賓語的補語: 例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop. I smelt something burning. She kept him working all day.二.過去分詞的用法: 1) 作表語: We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning. She felt confused, and even frightened. They were very pleased with the girl. I'm satisfied with your answer. He is not interested in research. 2) 作定語: She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water frozen food armed forces required courses fallen leaves finished products a forced smile the risen sun new arrived visitors What's the language spoken in that country? They're problem left over by history. The play put on by the teachers was a big success. Is there anybody injured? Do you know the number of books ordered? 3)作狀語: Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some children. Depressed, 。
2.35個現在進行時的句子
本段現在進行時的構成 現在進行時的構成是:主語+be+*〔現在分詞〕形式 第一人稱單數I+am+ing. 第一人稱復數We+are+ing. 第二人稱單(復)數 You+are+ing 第三人稱單數 He(She,it)+is+ing 第三人稱復數 They+are+ing 肯定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+現在分詞 否定句:主語+be(is/am/are)+not+現在分詞 一般疑問句:be(is/am/are)+主語+現在分詞 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+相應be動詞+主語+現在分詞+Sth? 間接引語中改為過去進行時。
編輯本段變化規則 1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去掉不發音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting) 3.重讀閉音節,以輔音字母加元音字母加輔音字母結尾的詞,要雙寫尾字母再加ing(例:swim+m+ing=swimming) 4.以ie結尾的重讀閉音節,變ie為y+ing (例:die-dying lie-lying) 5結尾為c且c讀作/k/時,在結尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking 現在進行時的基本用法: A表示現在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發生的事情。 例:We are waiting for you. B. 表示現階段正在進行的動作,說話時未必正在進行。
例:Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態。) 例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已經確定或安排好的但不確定會不會發生的將來活動。
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(我下周要去尼泊爾旅行) We're flying to Paris tomorrow.(我們明天乘飛機去巴黎) 編輯本段句型構成 現在進行時 助動詞be 動詞的現在分詞(ing形式)。 (1)直接在謂語動詞后加ing. 例如:going, starting, working,looking. (2)去掉詞尾不發音的e,再加ing. 例如 leaving,making,coming,writing. 注意:如果單詞結尾的e發音,則不能去掉,也直接加ing. 例如:see -seeing/agree - agreeing . 另外,有少數動詞比較特殊,請用心記住:例如:lie - lying/die - dying/tie - tying/picnic - picnicking. (3) 對于重讀閉音節詞,雙寫末尾字母再加ing. 例如:sitting, beginning,getting,*g 這一條規律,必須要弄清什么是“重讀閉音節”。
下面再舉一些雙寫的例子: run - running stop - stopping cut - cutting control - controlling put - putting 編輯本段時間狀語 可用來表示現在進行時的時間狀語,常用的有:now, this week, at this moment,right now 等;或者告訴你一個準確的現在時間,或者用look, listen提醒聽者注意正在發生的事。例如: They are playing basketball now.現在他們正在打籃球。
Listen! She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。 Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖。
那些孩子正在公園放風箏。 We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機模型。
It's 6:30 now. I am getting up. 現在是6:30.我正在起床。 編輯本段句型分析 1.一般疑問句是將be移到主語前面,句末加問號,讀升調。
be+主語+doing sth Are they putting up the scaffolding? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. Is he showing a foreign guest round the city? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. 2.否定句式是在be動詞后加not. 主語+be+not+doing sth I am not working. He isn't runnig or the track. The students aren't playing football. 編輯本段使用場合 1.當句中出現的表示時間的詞是now, at the moment (此刻、現在)等時,表示句子要說明的是現在正在發生的事,動詞應用現在進行時。 Linda's brother is watching TV in his bedroom now. 琳達的哥哥現在正在他的臥室里看電視。
We're far from home. What are our parents doing at the moment? 我們現在遠離家,我們的父母此刻在干什么呢? 2.當句中出現的時間狀語是these days, this week, this month等時,如果句子所要表達的意義是在這一階段正在發生的事,則動詞應用現在進行時。 These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm. 這些天我們在農場幫農民們干活。
They're having a test this week. 這一周他們在進行一次考試。 Mr Cheng is visiting our village this month. 這個月程先生在我們村訪問。
3.在句中出現了Look, Listen, Can't you see? 等暗示詞時,說明后面謂語動詞的動作正在發生,該動詞應用現在進行時。 Look! Maria and Tom are dancing under the tree. 看!瑪麗亞和湯姆正在樹下跳舞。
Listen! Our English teacher is singing the popular English song. 聽!我們英語老師正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲。 Many children are swimming in the river. Can't you see? 許多小孩在河里游泳,你難道看不見嗎? 4.注意根據上下文的暗示,句子的謂語動詞可能應用現在進行時。
— Where is Mr Wang? 王先生在哪兒? — Oh, he is reading a newspaper in the office. 噢,他正在辦公室看報。 (問句詢問王先生在哪兒,應說明他現在在哪兒,故答句應說明他現在正在做的事,用現在進行時。)
—Is that boy Jack?那個男孩是杰克嗎? — No,Jack is doing his homework in the classroom. 不是,杰克正在教室做作業呢。 (答句中說明的杰克做作業的情況應發生在現在,應用現在進行時。)
編輯本段注意事項 1.在。
3.動詞的現在分詞是怎樣的
現在分詞(present participle)(又稱-ing形式,現在進行式) ,是分詞的一種, 分詞又分為現在分詞和過去分詞,它們都 是非限定動詞,現在分詞在句子里面不能 單獨充當謂語,但能充當其它的一些成分 (定語,表語,補語,狀語)
具有動詞的性質,所以又是類動詞的一 種。一般式:doing; 一般被動式: being done; 完成式:having done; 完 成被動式:having been done。
定式都是在-ing前面加not ,包括獨立主 格形式。
比如seeing,asking,going
4.請用幫我舉個例子,說明現在分詞的正確用法
分詞.
1.概念:分詞是一種非限定動詞,它有動詞,形容詞和副詞的特征.分詞有現在分詞和過去分詞二種形式(-ing -ed).現在分詞有一般式和完成式,并有主動語態和被動語態.過去分詞只有一種形式.
2.現在分詞與過去分詞的區別.
現在分詞和過去分詞的區別主要表現在語態和時間的定義上.一般來說,現在分詞表示的意義是主動的,進行的;進去分詞表示的意義是被動的和完成的.
語態上不同:現在分詞多用于描述事物對人的情感所具有的影響力.過去分詞多用于描述人物的情感.
舉例:
interesting.使人感到有趣.
interested.自己感到有趣.
an exciting story.一個令人興奮的故事.
excited students.興奮的學生們.
3用法.
分詞在句子可以起形容詞和副詞的作用,因此可以擔任定語,表語,賓語補足語和狀語等.
(1)作定語: 如果單個分詞作定語時一般放在其修飾名詞之前,分詞短語作定語時,通常放在被修飾名詞之后.(分詞+賓語或狀語一起構成分詞短語)
舉例:
I'm reading a very interesting book.我正在讀一本非常有趣的書.
Polluted air and water are harmful to people's health.受到污染的空氣和水對人的健康是有害的.
Most of the teachers working in this university are mem.這所大學里工作的大多數的老師都是男性.(分詞短語作定語時,作用相當于一個定語從句)
(2)作表語:分詞作表語相當于形容詞,現在分詞多指事物.過去分詞多指人物.
舉例:
The news is interesting.這條新聞很有趣.
I was completely exhausted.我完全筋疲力盡了.
(3)作賓語補足語:賓語補足語就是進一步說明賓語的狀況.
舉例:
We saw you entering the cinema.我們看見你進了電影院.
You made me tired.你讓我很累.