1. 非延續性動詞變延續性動詞
不是說非延續性動詞不能用于現在完成時或現在完成進行時. 而是說非延續性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用. 轉化一般分為這幾類: a)用延續性動詞代替終止性動詞 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be+形容詞”代終止性動詞 1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be+副詞”代終止性動詞 1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be+介詞短語”代終止性動詞 1.“be in/at +地點”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地點”代替move to。
2. 非延續性動詞
一、延續性動詞和終止性動詞的概念 英語中,動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短,可分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作,這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞,表示不能延續的動作,這種動作發生后立即結束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續性動詞的用法特征 1.延續性動詞可以用于現在完成時,其完成時態可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。 2.延續性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。
如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續性動詞,而at eight表示"點時間",前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續性動詞表示一瞬間的動作,可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。
上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如: -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 三、終止性動詞的用法特征 1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現在完成時。如: The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎? 2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。
如: (1)他死了三年了。 誤:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago. 正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died. (2)他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days. 正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago. 正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞,不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那么,應如何正確表達呢?可以采用下面的四種方法: (1)將句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。
下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。 (2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since。"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since。"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。
3.終止性動詞可用于現在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續的狀態,因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如: He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till 。
"的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如: You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。 5.終止性動詞可以用于when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導的時間狀語從句中。
when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞),也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。
如: When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語) 6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如: 誤:How long have you come here? 正:How long have you been here? 正:When did you come here?。
3. 非延續性動詞怎么造句
第一句正確。
第2句錯了,last night 表示的是一個過去的時間,所以動詞have 要用過去式had。
第3句錯了。要么He has had a pen。(have done )這是現在完成時,表示到目前為止仍然擁有。或者就是He had had a pen。(had done)這個是過去完成時,表示在過去的某個時間之前,他曾擁有一支筆。
關于非延續性動詞,在造句的不能跟上一段時間,比如買 buy,買是一個非延續性動詞,表示某個瞬間的動作,你就不能表示說買了一整個下午,要說也只能說逛了一整個下午,買是在錢物交換那一瞬間發生的事
4. 非延續性動詞轉化為延續性動詞
延續性動詞說的是,這個動作可以延續一段時間,比如中文的睡覺,吃飯,學習等,可以持續一段時間
非延續性動詞就是說這個動作不可以延續一段時間,比如,還錢,眨眼睛,死亡等,這個動作不能夠持續一段時間,因為買東西是交錢一瞬間的動作,死也是一瞬間的動作,因此不能和段時間連用。
延續性動詞與非延續性動詞之間的轉換:
leave →e69da5e6ba90e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad9431333335343966 be away離開;borrow → keep借;buy → have買;begin/start → be on開始/上演;die → be dead;finish /end /stop→ be over結束/完成;join → be in+組織機構或be a member of+組織機構;open/close sth → keep sth open/closed;fall ill → be ill;get up → be up;catch /get a cold → have a cold感冒;come here → be here;go there → be there;become → be成為;come back → be back;fall asleep → be asleep睡著;get to/ arrive/reach → be (in);leave → be away from;get to know → know;go (get) out → be out;put on → wear;catch a cold →have a cold; go to school → be in school/be a student上學; go abroad → be abroad去國外; marry → be married(to)結婚; wake up → be awake 醒; make friends with → be friends with成為/交朋友; lose → be lost /be missing /be gone 丟失; lose one's job /work → be out of work /a job等。
請看例句* old man died 4 years ago.
→ The old man has been dead for 4 years. → It is 4 years since the old man died.
→ Four years has passed since the old man died.
5. 非延續性動詞
1. 非延續性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現在完成時。
如: The train has arrived. 火車到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入電腦小組了嗎? 2. 非延續性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續。
因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定句)。如: (1) 他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years。 正:He has been dead for three years。
正:He died three years ago。 正:It is three years since he died。
正:Three years has passed since he died。 (2) 他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days。 正:He has been here for five days。
正:He came here five days ago。 正:It is five days since he came here。
正:Five days has passed since he came here。 (1)、(2)句中的die、come為非延續性動詞,不能與表示“時間段”的狀語連用。
那么,應如何正確表達呢?可以采用下面的四種方法: a. 將句中非延續性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
b. 將句中表示“時間段”的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。 c. 用句型"It is+段時間+since。
"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。 d. 用句型"時間+has passed+since。
"表達原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。 3. 非延續性動詞可用于現在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續的狀態,因而可與表示“時間段”的狀語連用。
如: He hasn't left here since 1986. 從1986年以來他就沒離開過這里。 I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已經兩周沒收到我父親的來信了。
4. 非延續性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till。"的句型,意為“直到……才……”。
如: You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能離開這里。 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才去睡覺。
5. 非延續性動詞可以用于when引導的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導的時間狀語從句中。 因為when表示的時間可以是“時間點”(從句謂語動詞用非延續性動詞),也可以是“時間段”(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞);而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞要用延續性動詞。
如: When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock。(reach為終止性動詞) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away。
(be away為延續性動詞短語) 6. 終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定句)。如: 誤:How long have you come here? 正:How long have you been here? 正:When did you come here?。
6. 用非謂語動詞造句
It's very kind of you to help me.
It's difficult for me to work this out.
I hope to see my mother soon.I want to help him.
He told me seriously(賓補) to learn French well(不定式賓補).
I tell him carefully to take care of the child.
There are some children to be taken care of.
there are some jobs to be done.
7. 求
1.現在分詞:
They went to the park,singing and talking
Having done his homework,he played basket-ball
having made a big mistake,he turned to his father for help
2.過去分詞:
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting
those students punished by * must have failed in their mid-terms exam.
the model chosen to be the first walker in the show must be perfect and full of personal features.
3.不定式:
to work in that company must be very comfortable
He wants to be an artist
his father ordered him to finish his homework before supper.