一、英語中各個詞在句中的位置
一、句子成分:句子是有不同的各部分組成的,這些部分就叫做句子成分。
句子成分可以是單詞、詞組或句子(從句)。在句中起主要作用的是主語、謂語,稱為主要成分;起次要作用的有賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語和表語,稱為次要成分。
所有的句子都是在簡單句的基礎上展開的,所以我們首先討論簡單句的五種基本句型。一、簡單句的五種基本句型(Five kinds of simple sentences)(一) 主語 + 不及物動詞(主、謂結構)eg. 1)He is working. 2)He cooks.(二) 主語+ 及物動詞 + 賓語(主、謂、賓結構)eg. 1)We study English every day. 2)They are playing football(三) 主語+ 連系動詞 + 表語(主、系、表結構)eg. 1)Trees turn green. 2)He is happy.常見的連系動詞有:be ; become ; get(“天氣”變得); turn(“顏色”變得); feel(覺得/摸起來); look(看起來);smell(聞起來); sound(聽起來);taste(嘗起來);seem(似乎).特別注意:a) 連系動詞后常接形容詞常作表語;b) be / become后常接名詞或相當于名詞的短語(不定式/動名詞)做表語。
c) seem + 形容詞 = seem to be + 形容詞eg.1)He is a teacher (名詞做表語) 2)His job is to feed animals (不定式做表語) 3)His hobby is reading. (動名詞做表語) 4)He seems happy = He seems to be happy(四) 主語 + 及物動詞 + 間賓(人)+ 直賓(物)=主語+ 及物動詞 + 直賓(物)+ to / for + 間賓(人)常用的此類動詞有:give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但buy與for連用eg.1)I gave him a book. = I gave a book to him. 2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday. = My mother bought a pen for me.(五) 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓補注意作賓補的詞:1)名詞(指賓語是誰/什么);2)形容詞;3)不定式;4)動詞的ing 形式。eg.1)We call him Jim.(名詞做賓補) 2)We must keep the window open.(形容詞做賓補) 3)The news makes me happy (同上) 4)I found it hard to get to sleep (同上) 5)I think it useful to learn English well (同上) 6)He told me to wash the plates.(不定式做賓補) 7)I saw a thief going into your room. (動名詞做賓補)特別注意:1)動詞不定式作賓補A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth.其否定式為:ask/want/tell sb not to do sth2)省to不定式作賓補,即:(l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sthl—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have , help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—*.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every day. 2)I often hear him sing.2)區別省to不定式作賓補與動詞ing形式作賓補. hear / see sb do: 聽見/看見某人做了某事 hear / see sb doing: 聽見/看見某人在做某事二、詞類和句子成分的關系。
(一)詞類相互間的關系。1.形容詞、數詞通常修飾名詞(有時名詞也可以修飾另外一個名詞),形容詞還可修飾代詞。
例如:1)The three tall and strong men are all basket- (定語) (主) (謂) (定語)ball players.(“主系表”結構) (表語)數詞three和形容詞tall , strong修飾名詞men; 名詞basketball修飾名詞players.2)The writer often writes something interesting (主) (壯) (謂) (賓) (定)about children. (“主胃賓”結構) (定)形容詞interesting修飾不定代詞something2.副詞常修飾動詞、形容詞和其他副詞。例如:(副詞well修飾plays,副詞quite修飾另一副詞well.)(副詞very修飾形容詞interesting)以上的名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、動詞、副詞稱為實詞,可以在句中單獨做一定的成分。
3.冠詞、介詞、連詞稱為虛詞,在句中不能單獨構成句子成分。冠詞只能用于名詞前;介詞與它后面的名詞或代詞構成介詞短語,才能作一定的成分(定語、狀語和表語)。
例如:(介詞短語of Class Two作定語,修飾the League members. 介詞短語in the school yard作地點狀語,修飾are having)連詞只起連接詞、詞組和句子的作用。He is so young that he can't go to school.(that連接兩句子)(二)詞類和句子成分的關系:1.主語:是句子要說明的人和物,是句子的主體,一般放在句首。
名詞、代詞常在句中作主語。此外,動名詞、動詞不定式、主語從句也可作主語。
例如:1)Mr. Chen is a greadt scientist. (名詞作主語)2)He reads newspapers every day. (代詞作主)3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (動名詞作主語)4)To swim in Kuming Lake is a great pleasure. (動詞不定式作主語)5)What we shall do next is not yet decided. (主語從句作主語)2.謂語:說明主語的動作和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。
例如:1)The new term begins on September 1st .(行為動詞作謂語)2)She seems tired. (連系動詞作謂語)3)He has gone to Beijing. (行為動詞作謂語)3.賓語:及物動詞涉及的人或物稱為動詞賓語。賓語一般放在及物動詞(或相當于及物動詞的短語)后。
介詞后的名詞或代詞稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞在句中常作賓語。
此外,動詞不定式、動名詞和從句也可作賓語。例如:1)Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代詞me作間接賓語;名詞a novel作直接賓語)2)The medicine is good。
二、頻度副詞在句中的位置是什么
一、usually, sometimes, always, often等詞在英文中被稱為“頻度副詞”,是用來表示動作頻率的,但程度上有別。一般說來可按頻率大小排列:
always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom(很少)>never(決不)
二、頻度副詞的位置
1. 在be動詞之后。如: She is sometimes very busy. 她有時很忙。
2. 在第一個動詞或情態動詞之后。如:
I will never forget the first time I met you. 我將永遠忘不了和你的第一次見面。
3. 在實義動詞之前。如:
We often go there. 我們常去那兒。
4. sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末。如:
Sometimes she writes to me. 她有時候給我寫信。
She writes to me often. 她經常給我寫信。
三、用法
1. often, always, usually等通常和一般現在時連用,表示現在經常或反復發生的動作。如:
It often rains here in April. 這兒四月份常下雨。
2. always與進行時連用時,并不強調動作正在進行,而是表示贊嘆、厭煩等情緒。如:
He is always thinking of others. 他總是想著別人。(贊嘆)
She is always asking silly questions. 她老是問些愚蠢的問題。(厭煩)
3. 對這些頻度副詞提問時,用how often。如:
I write to my brother sometimes.
How often do you write to your brother?
英語中always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never等,叫做頻度副詞。這類詞用來表示某一動作發生的頻率,或某一狀態出現的頻率,即在一定的時間內動作重復發生或狀態重復出現的次數。如:
I always work hard at English.
I usually go to school at seven.
Do your friends often write to you?
Sometimes they play football on Friday.
He is seldom ill.
He never tells a lie.
上述副詞表示的頻度,雖然在意義上所差別,但它們在句中的位置卻基本相同。
現將它們在句中的位置歸納如下:
一、如果是to be句型,頻度副詞要放在to be的后面。例如:He is often late for work.
二、如果謂語動詞是實義動詞,那么頻度副詞常常放在它的前面。例如:
I usually watch TV at seven in the evening.
三、如果句中含有情態動詞或助動詞,頻度副詞要放在它們的后面。例如:
He can often help you.
His father doesn't always watch TV in the evening.
四、sometimes還可放在句首或句尾。例如:
Sometimes we read English under the tree.
We go to work in a factory sometimes.
always(100%) usually(80%) often (30-50%)
sometimes(20%) hardly ever(5%) never(0%)